Vegetarianism is a "health-preserving" diet in many people’s minds. In recent years, many people have joined the ranks of vegetarians. At present, the number of vegetarians in China is about 50 million, and "vegetarianism" is becoming popular.

Although more and more people are vegetarian, unreasonable diet is a problem. Long-term unreasonable vegetarian diet can not only make the body healthier, but also lead to malnutrition.

What kind of influence will vegetarianism have on the body, and what is the correct way to open vegetarianism? In this article, we will answer the questions about vegetarianism, and attach an egg white recipe at the end of the article, so you can keep it for reference!

What are the benefits of vegetarianism?

Vegetarian food with reasonable diet can not only provide adequate nutrition for the body, but also reduce the risk of many diseases. Studies have shown that the mortality of all-cause mortality’s disease, ischemic heart disease, circulatory system disease and cerebrovascular disease in vegetarian population is significantly lower than that in omnivorous population with animal food. [1] Moreover, the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and cancer in vegetarian population is lower than that in animal omnivorous food population.

Which two vegetarian dishes are more recommended?

The most common vegetarianism can be roughly divided into two types: ovalbumin and vegan. Egg-lactating people can also eat eggs and milk food besides vegetarian food; Vegan is a strict vegetarian, and does not eat any animal food, including eggs and milk. No matter what kind of vegetarian diet, as long as it can ensure a balanced nutrition. However, compared with the two, vegan has more disadvantages. If you must be vegetarian, you should recommend egg white.

What nutrition is vegetarian easy to lack?

For vegetarians, there is no serious shortage of carbohydrates, fats, dietary fiber and water for vegetarians, and it is easy to meet their physical needs as long as they follow the requirements of Dietary Guidelines for China Residents. Emphasis should be placed on preventing the deficiency of protein, vitamin B12, mineral iron and zinc, because meat food is an important source of high-quality protein, vitamin B12 and mineral iron and zinc. Therefore, we should pay attention to the intake of these nutrients in the diet, and we also need to pay attention to the supplement of vitamin D.

How to supplement the nutrition that is easy to lack?

(1) protein:

Although the protein of meat is high-quality protein, it is not only meat that contains protein. Eggs, milk and beans are all sources of high-quality protein.

The people who eat egg yolk are advised to eat every day:

A whole egg

300~500ml milk

25g soybean or corresponding amount of bean products (50g dried bean curd or 50g shredded bean curd or 100g north bean curd).

15~25g nuts (vegan 20~30g)

All kinds of miscellaneous grains and beans

In this way, the intake of protein is at least 50g/d, which is more than 90% of the recommended daily intake of 55g for women in protein. If it is male, it is recommended to add 10~20g protein powder on this basis every day. It should also be noted that different kinds of protein foods should be eaten at the same meal as far as possible, which can play a complementary role in protein and improve the absorption and utilization rate of protein. [1] For example, protein, a cereal food, lacks lysine and is rich in methionine, while protein, a legume food, lacks methionine and is rich in lysine. When they are eaten together, the proteins can complement each other.

② Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 mainly exists in animal foods, and it is a nutrient that is easily overlooked by everyone. Serious lack of vitamin B12 will cause nerve fiber degeneration, symptoms such as listlessness, anxiety, forgetfulness, and even anemia, so vitamin B12 is also called "nutritional nerve" vitamin. A survey shows that vitamin B12 deficiency is common in vegetarians with elevated homocysteine level and enlarged red blood cells, especially in vegetarians. [2] Vitamin B12 mainly exists in meat food, which is easy to be deficient for vegetarians.

Plant foods rarely contain vitamin B12, and fermented bean products such as fermented soybean meal, fermented bean curd, natto, seaweed and mushroom have some, but the salt content of fermented soybean meal and fermented bean curd is generally high, and the taste of natto is unacceptable to many people. Therefore, it is difficult to make up enough by diet, so it is recommended to take vitamin B12 supplements. ③ Mineral iron: Animal foods such as red meat, animal blood, animal liver and shellfish are good sources of iron supplement, and the iron contained is heme iron, which is easy to be absorbed and utilized by human body.

However, plant foods such as auricularia auricula, Tricholoma matsutake, red dates, spinach, moss, etc., although high in iron content, belong to non-heme iron, and the absorption and utilization rate of human body is low. However, if it is combined with vitamin C, it can help to improve the absorption and utilization rate of iron in plant foods [1]. Therefore, it is suggested that vegetarians should add fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C in their diet, such as Chinese cabbage, kiwi fruit, winter jujube, blood orange, guava, etc., and supplement Vc tablets or iron.

④ Mineral zinc: In addition to meat, nuts, coarse grains and fermented bean products are also good sources of mineral zinc, such as sunflower seeds, pine nuts, pumpkin seeds, chestnuts, black sesame seeds, etc. Among them, phytic acid in bean products is destroyed after fermentation, and the absorption and utilization rate of zinc will also increase.

One day, the egg custard recipe came!

According to the dietary recommendations for vegetarian people in the Dietary Guide for China Residents, people with egg yolk can refer to the following recipes (light-bodied women who do not need to lose weight) to arrange their diet for one day:

If it is a male, the ingredients that need to be adjusted are: 50 grams of millet, 100 grams of sweet potato, 20 grams of walnut, 40 grams of red dates, 80 grams of white flour and 100 grams of tofu.

Note: ① The amount of salt is not written in the recipe, so everyone should control it by themselves. It should not exceed 6 grams of salt every day, which is less than 1 bottle cap of mineral water (1~2 mm short of the bottle cap).

6 grams of salt (Master Kong packaged drinking water bottle cap) 2 The cooking pot is best to be non-stick, otherwise it will cost more oil.

A porcelain spoon is about 10 grams of oil.

Remarks:

Vegetarian people are easy to lack vitamin B12 and mineral iron, so it is recommended to supplement multivitamins or targeted supplements every other day; In order to promote the absorption of calcium, it is recommended to supplement 10 micrograms of vitamin D every day.

Vegetarian people are easy to lack n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, so it is suggested that rapeseed oil and soybean oil should be used more in cooking, and linseed oil and perilla seed oil should be used more in cold salad.

Illustration of some ingredients:

Three red dates (20 grams of edible part) Want to know the weight of jujube stones? I eat very clean!

2 grams of laver

30 grams of carrots

20 grams of red beans (mung beans for reference)

100g sweet potato

10 grams of paper walnut Although this recipe is only for one day, as long as you change the ingredients carefully, you can change the recipe for many days. For example, change Chinese cabbage into rape, green pepper into colored pepper, dried tofu into dried tofu, garlic sprout into leek, sweet potato into purple potato, walnut into cashew nut and so on.

Focus

For friends who like vegetarianism, vegetarianism is also ok. However, ovalbumin is easier to achieve nutritional balance than vegan, and it is more recommended.

In addition, when you are vegetarian, you must mix it reasonably, and pay attention to supplementing compound nutrients or specific nutritional supplements.

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a cold wave blue warning at 10: 00 on December 9:

　　Affected by the cold wave, it is estimated that from 14: 00 on December 9 to 08: 00 on December 12, the temperature will drop by 6 ~ 10℃ in parts of the southeastern part of northwest China, northeast China, North China, Huanghuai, Jianghan, Jianghuai, Jiangnan and northern South China, and the temperature drop in eastern Heilongjiang, southern North China and Huanghuai can reach more than 12℃. On the morning of the 12th, the lowest temperature line of 0℃ will be pushed southward to the area from central Hubei to northern Jiangsu and Anhui.

　　It is estimated that from 14: 00 on December 9 to 14: 00 on December 11, the temperature in most parts of Northeast China, southern North China, most of Huanghuai, most of Jianghan and western Jiangnan will drop by 6 ~ 10℃ successively, among which the temperature in some areas of eastern Heilongjiang, southwestern Shanxi, western Huanghuai and northern Hubei can reach above 10℃.

　　Defense guide:

　　1, the government and relevant departments in accordance with their duties to prepare for the cold wave;

　　2. Pay attention to adding clothes to keep warm;

　　3. Take certain protective measures for tropical crops and aquatic products;

　　4. Prepare for the wind.

Introduction:

On August 24th, the latest issue of Horizon’s "Hello, Developer" Autopilot Technology Special Session was successfully broadcast in the Zhidong Open Class.

The special session was given by Dr. algorithm engineer Zhu Hongmei, Horizon Perception, with the theme of BEV Perception Scheme and Deployment Practice Based on Journey 5. This article is a record of the lecture session of this special session. If you need live playback and Q&A, you can click

Good evening, friends of the open class of Zhidong. I’m Perception algorithm engineer Zhu Hongmei from the horizon, and I’m honored to share with you today "Ji"BEV awareness scheme and deployment practice in Journey 5》。 I will introduce it from five aspects.

01

General introduction of BEV perception framework

With the release of Journey 5 in 2021, we designed the sensing prototype scheme of BEV based on Journey 5. The input is vehicle-mounted multi-angle image sequence or multi-mode signal, and the fusion of time and space dimensions is carried out within the network, so that the neural network can output the dynamic and static sensing and prediction results from a bird’s-eye view.

Below is a frame diagram.

The green background part represents the signal processing of pure vision, and the input is the images of each camera. After the first stage of model extraction, the image features are transformed into multi-view spatial fusion from BEV perspective. Then, the features of BEV are fused in time sequence, and then sent to the second stage for feature extraction on BEV; Finally, input it to the head part for the output of perceptual elements. If there is a Lidar in the system, it will also be connected to the Lidar point cloud. In the early stage, we will do rasterization coding processing, and we will also do time sequence fusion. Finally, we will do intermediate fusion with visual BEV features, and also send them to the second stage to output the perceptual elements on BEV.

The blue part is the closed-loop iteration that has participated in many rounds. Students who pay attention to the horizon should know that at the Shanghai Auto Show in April this year, this part of the content has supported the closed-loop demo display of real cars. In recent six months, we have expanded the function of "dynamic obstacle detection" in sensing elements. Based on it, we connected the head of Transformer to do the Track id, speed estimation and trajectory prediction of dynamic obstacles. The dotted line part is currently under development, and we also want to make full use of the dynamic and static sensing results on BEV to output the interactive elements of dynamic and static sensing, such as behavior prediction.

There are two main modes of pure vision scheme here. One is the 11v integration scheme for double Journey 5; The other is a single journey chip-oriented scheme, in which 7v for driving and 5v for parking are integrated. Today’s sharing mainly focuses on the integration of time and space in the visual scheme, the analysis of perceptual elements, and the introduction of dynamic, especially dynamic perceptual prediction end-to-end scheme and deployment.

02

Spatio-temporal fusion module and chip deployment

Firstly, it is introduced that the four-plane space fusion method is adopted at the end of the plate at present. It takes the xy plane of the self-propelled coordinate system as the basic plane, and adds three height planes on this basis, hoping to obtain more scene image information with different heights. Time series fusion is relatively simple. We will cache the features after time series fusion at the last moment, align the historical frames to the current frame by using the self-driving motion between frames, and fuse them with the spatial fusion features of the current frame, and then deconvolution them and send them to the following network structure for perceptual output.

So why do we use this scheme?

In the early stage of research and development, we also compared different spatial fusion methods. In the early stage, in order to quickly get through the process, we adopted the simplest method based on single plane IPM to get through the perception of the whole framework. After that, I went to find out the depth-based fusion and transformer-based fusion scheme on Journey 5. The assessment dimension is the delay in Journey 5, assuming that the prerequisite is to be able to independently run this model above 30fps on the single core of Journey 5 to design the corresponding network parameters.

There are two key parameters that affect the perceptual performance of BEV, one is the resolution of image feature in one stage, and the other is the fusion resolution on BEV. The fusion resolution on BEV is relatively direct, and the higher the resolution, the better the perception of some small targets and point elements. Image resolution determines the amount of information input in two stages.

Here is a lane line simulation diagram, and the physical dimensions of each lane line are the same. Because it is perspective projection, the farther the lane line is in the image, the fewer pixels it will have. BEV indexing image features is generally a process of reverse realization, while BEV is generally designed with equal resolution, such as 0.6 and 0.4 m Grid resolution. When the distant objects in the scene are indexed by the coordinates of BEV, the physical resolution of the pixels in the image is already lower than that on BEV, and at this time, feature duplication will appear on BEV, which is a common stretching phenomenon. Reflected in the perception, for example, the detection box may have the phenomenon that the target splits into a string, so the feature resolution in one stage is also very important.

We grab the middle column of pixels to simulate the contrast of Z-value changes between two adjacent rows of pixels in 2M image and 8M image at 50m. It can be seen that the physical range of the low-resolution image corresponding to two adjacent rows of pixels has changed by more than 2 meters. For a high-resolution image, its adjacent two pixels are only about 0.6 meters. Therefore, when looking at the fusion scheme, we should not only consider whether a single task meets certain accuracy requirements, but also consider the final deployment, because it is multi-task and different perceptual elements output, so we hope that the resolution of one-stage feature and BEV fusion can be higher.

From this point of view, the current structure based on Transformer can meet the requirements of Journey 5, single core and 30+FPS, and the first-stage resolution and the second-stage fusion resolution are relatively low, and the delay is too high under this condition. However, the depth-based fusion method is lower than single plane in one stage. In addition, one reason for not adopting it is that the depth-based deployment has made some specific improvements for Journey 5, reaching a two-phase delay of 9.6 ms. In the stage of prototype verification, the flexibility of carrying different numbers of cameras on the car is not enough, so we adopt the plane mapping fusion method at this stage. In the early stage, we used a single plane, but when we actually did the closed-loop verification, we found that the generality and robustness of camera parameters were not enough, and it was sensitive. Therefore, we improved it in the further research and development process. Through various tests and verifications, we finally adopted the four-plane fusion method, which can achieve a good balance between performance and delay.

For time series fusion, different time series fusion methods will also be compared in the early stage of research and development. The basic method is to align the historical BEV features to the current frame and use different fusion methods to do time series fusion. Here is also a comparison of the fusion of different frames, with the experimental data accumulated at that time to do 10 frames of verification. In the case of 10 frames, there is an improvement of 3.5 points compared with only space. For latency, it is only increased by 1ms because it is deployed in recurrent mode.

Similarly, we also compare the two methods of obtaining historical frames. One is to intercept historical information at equal time intervals, and the other is at equal space intervals. Equal time interval is to use the system timestamp to index and read the corresponding frame. Equal space interval is to calculate the translation distance with the movement of the vehicle, and then get the frame. Finally, we found that the performance of equal space interval of 6 frames is similar to that of equal time interval of 10 frames, and they can also be combined, but the improvement of more fused frames is not great. Therefore, in order to simplify the deployment, we currently adopt the time series fusion method with equal time intervals.

There may be some differences in the training and deployment of time series fusion. One is the Odometry used when aligning two adjacent frames. In order to make the training model performance consistent with the real vehicle deployment, one principle to be observed is that the model input should be consistent with the board signal as much as possible. We use Odometry of wheel speedometer to do model training, and do tests on Odometry obtained by different methods. It is found that if it is consistent with the inter-frame interval during training, then this factor has little influence. In addition, for example, historical frames are obtained at 100ms intervals, and the model trained with 10fps training data is tested at 10fps, 15fps and 30fps. The conclusion is that if there is a big difference between deployment and training, the index gap will be even bigger. The actual system frame rate is affected by the real-time load of the system, and it may not be completely aligned no matter how to set the inter-frame interval during training. Generally, the perimeter perception can be around 15fps, which can basically meet the functional requirements, and the range of 1.5 points is also acceptable. This part can also make the distribution of time series training data more abundant through some data enhancement methods, and alleviate such problems.

The other is that when the time series is being trained, if there is no specific optimization, with the increase of the number of frames, some OOM(Out of Memorry) problems may occur in the time series data, which leads to the slow training speed. The training method is to adopt the feature cache strategy to alleviate or avoid such problems. However, when deploying on the board side, considering the memory limitation of the board side and the bandwidth loaded back, the most streamlined strategy recurrent mode is finally adopted on the board.

03

Analysis of static and Occupancy perception elements

An important component of static perception is truth value. How did the truth value on BEV come from?

From the very beginning of research and development to the present, three static truth values have been used. At first, high-precision maps were used, and now the truth production link based on multi-mode is used on a large scale. At present, the local mapping results of pure vision are also involved in the training. The quality of the drawings is developed by our company’s special 4D-Label team. At the special session of horizon "Hello, developer" autopilot technology, Dr. Sui Wei, the head of horizon 4D labeling technology, also shared the "4D labeling scheme for BEV perception". If you are interested, you can review it.

For the algorithm, the algorithm students should be more involved in the formulation of labeling rules. Even if the truth value is brushed by the big model, the big model needs the truth value, so the labeling rules need the deep participation of the students of the perceptual algorithm, especially the actual test scenario is very complicated. A reference condition of labeling rules is the Lidar point cloud base map obtained by mapping, which is an intensity map on BEV, and then it can be labeled by referring to images or videos. For example, lane lines should be marked with colors, some functional attributes and some downstream functions that are necessary and cannot be obtained from the Lidar bottom map, all of which need to be combined with images. For pavement signs, they are usually unmarked rotating frames, and for those that need a clear direction, they need to be marked in an orderly sequence. The elements of parking are basically to mark parking spaces, wheel gears, speed bumps and so on by marking key points.

The output of the model corresponds to the annotation. The marked information will be preprocessed to generate the true value of the model. Only when the truth value is supervised output can the downstream functional requirements be met. The lane line output is the position and attribute of the example point column; The intersection point is the position and type of the point; Curbside is also the instance position and type; Pavement discrete signs are detection frames and types. These static perception elements are very rich. For the model scheme, there is a classification learning of foreground extraction, a regression learning of accurate position, and a learning of example features of lane lines. On the whole, the static perception scheme is relatively conventional. When analyzing, line elements such as lane lines will extract the foreground through the score of Class Map, then cluster the points through the Embedding similarity, and reverse the attribute features to index the corresponding features of these points.

For lane lines, in the actual software analysis, we should consider the delay on the software, roughly estimate the direction of lane lines through vertical points according to the preset, and do one-dimensional search along this direction to shorten the post-processing time of lane lines. Now our scheme is newly optimized, and it takes less than 3ms to deal with this part. The analysis of pavement signs, detection points or boxes at intersections is a set of CenterNet: card score→maxpolling→TopK→ attribute extraction → output.

For parking elements, parking spaces will output orderly corner position, occupancy and parking space type direction; The wheel stopper is an orderly end position and type; The underground locks and columns under the parking lot are all output by detection frames, which are the same as the analytical ideas of the previous points and line frames. The parking space here has two small head, one of which is to obtain the overall attributes of the parking space, such as its occupancy, and whether the parking space type is parallel or vertical. There is also a Local head to accurately estimate the corner of the location, because the accuracy of this corner of the location is very high. After getting a more accurate one, calculate the point matching with the rough corner position obtained under global. Because this point is orderly, you can just card a distance threshold. After matching, you can get an accurate corner coordinate by replacing the corner coordinate.

This is our performance. The 2D perception scheme of horizon has been polished for a long time before, which is equivalent to having a good reference baseline for BEV perception.

Compared with the 2D scheme, lane lines and road signs have a great improvement in ranging, such as lane lines in different distance sections, arrows and stop lines of road signs. For parking spaces, Horizon also has a pre-fusion scheme. Before being sent to the network, four fish-eye images are fused by IPM to get an IPM image covering 360 degrees around the car, and then integrated into the network to output parking spaces. Now BEV is introduced in the previous framework, and feature are fused inside the model. At present, there are also great improvements in these three class libraries.

Take a look at this video, which is a visual display of a high-speed lane line, with a wide dotted line, and then get off the ramp. Here is a diversion point, a change point between reality and reality, and the arrow represents the direction.

For the perception of parking space, a parking scene is chosen here, where the red line represents the entrance line, the yellow X represents the occupation, the yellow box is the pillar of the parking lot, and the grass green is the wheel stopper.

Let’s talk about the perception of Occupancy. First of all, Occupancy is a 2D occupancy graph based on Journey 5, which is a binary graph, where 0 means unoccupied and 1 means occupied. We call it Freespace internally. The traditional Freespace is image segmentation and post-processing to calculate the drivable area under BEV. It is more natural to do it on BEV, and output such a binary image directly on BEV. Its true value depends on Lidar segmentation model+detection model+threshold of cloud card height of multi-frame aggregation point to obtain some obstacles on the ground. Lidarseg mainly obtains the basic surface first, and takes the road plane as the drivable area; Lidar3D detection is to supplement the true value of dynamic obstacles in the white list.

The other output is Vismask. It mainly describes the area that the vehicle can see in the image at the current moment, and also uses Lidarseg model and 3D detection model. Image segmentation combined with back projection of point cloud can get the points that can be seen under BEV, calculate the ray according to the semantics and camera parameters, and then calculate the surface paved by the points that can be seen in the image in the self-propelled coordinate system, and then flatten them in the height direction of point cloud to get the visible Grid points on BEV. Why do you need 3D detection? Because when the ray hits the point cloud, it is a surface. We want the whole object of the surface boundary to be visible, so we need a 3D detection frame to supplement the object of the boundary, thus obtaining the true values of these two tasks. Perception model is a relatively simple binary classification model. Vismask’s 0 means invisible and 1 means visible.

Because these two tasks are dense outputs, when actually doing this on the board, its bandwidth occupation is relatively large. Usually, we will use a Run Length Encoding (RLE) to compress the result. For example, Freespace, as shown in the following figure, has the same values in a connected region. Run-length coding is used to reduce the bandwidth of the perceptual results transmitted from BPU of Journey 5 to CPU, and a final output binary image can be obtained by doing a back analysis in CPU.

Here is a visual video, and the bar on the left is a response to the fence. This is a specially built evaluation set, including strollers, fallen cones and so on. Here, Freespace is mainly to supplement the perception of non-standard obstacles. In addition, it is also useful to feed back the representation of roadside by Freespace when the downstream closed loop is used.

04

Dynamic Perception Predicting End-to-End and Chip Deployment

Let’s introduce the end-to-end scheme of dynamic sensing prediction and chip deployment.

The end-to-end model, as shown in the previous frame, is followed BEV3D several layers of Transformer decoder to output dynamic end-to-end elements. The multi-scale features extracted by BEV in two stages are reused, and there is a detection head of BEV3D, which regresses to the heatmap and the offset to the precise position to get the possible target position.

For Transformer head, it depends on how the Q/K/V of its input comes from the first layer. There is a construction part of the input. First of all, "q" is divided into detection query and Track query. Detect the position embedding； of query, which is the position parsed from BEV3D head and obtained by MLP; Context embedding is learnable and can be initialized randomly.

For the position embedding of Track query, the position of the previous frame will be used, and the self-vehicle motion between frames will be aligned to the current frame to eliminate the self-vehicle motion. Then, the position of the current frame is estimated by combining the speed estimation result of the previous frame itself, and the position embedding of Track query is obtained by MLP. Its context embedding was also randomly initialized and learnable at the beginning, which resulted in "Q".

"K" and "V" For BEV, there is a fixed mapping relationship between the pixel coordinates on BEV and the coordinate positions under VCS. Therefore, according to the position of the reference point, its pixel coordinates on multiple dimensions of BEV can be calculated reversely. Query also sorts from 0 to N-1, and it has an index, so that the difference between the two coordinates can be calculated into the mapping relationship between them. Then the warping operator, that is, the grid_sample operator, is used to reversely index the BEV region features, and then "K" and "V" are generated through MLP, so that the end-to-end head input is constructed.

One of the differences in Transformer here is that it improves the quantization and efficiency on Journey 5, and removes the MatMul matrix multiplication operator. Here, the commonly used Deformable attention is replaced by warping.

The output layer of end-to-end head is actually several MLPs. Among them, the output of trajectory and speed will pass through Memory bank in order to obtain historical information. The point of the trajectory output here is also the displacement between frames, and the velocity describes the position change of unit time between frames in the future. We think that these changes are not abrupt, but smooth, so we use historical information.

The embedding of history is composed of two parts. The first part is the Oddity of N historical frames and the embedding of query output by Transformer decoder of N historical frames will be stored in Memory bank. Query of the current frame, and pay attention to the time sequence of the current frame and the historical frame for each target. After that, self-attention will also be done among the targets, and finally we define it as Temporal embedding. In addition, speed embedding is added. How did it come from? That is, the position of historical frame N is transferred to the current frame through the odometry of the vehicle motion, and the position of the historical frame under the current frame is obtained, so as to eliminate the vehicle motion and obtain the inter-frame offset. Combining with the frame rate of the system, a time difference can be derived, and the historical inter-frame speed can be estimated. Similarly, after passing an MLP, the embedding of the speed can be obtained. By making a simple concat, the final historical embedding can be obtained and input to the trajectory.

After the model is output, some of it will be analyzed in CPU. For Track query and Detect query, the model output itself will analyze the position, length, width, height, orientation angle, Score confidence and so on. The function of track management is to screen out the Track query of the next frame. Two thresholds are set here. A higher threshold is to filter out the tracked query with higher confidence from all the queries, that is, the tracked query, and identify the newly generated target in the current frame. For the newly generated target, a current maximum id value of +1 is given, and its disappearance time is initialized to 0. For setting a low threshold, I want to recall those targets that have been tracked before, but have low confidence in the current frame due to occlusion and other reasons. If it can be greater than this threshold, and the disappearance time is not greater than the set time, it will continue to be preserved. If the time of disappearance (disp_times) has been greater than the threshold of the number of frames that can be dropped, we will definitely drop this target in this frame.

For the analysis of velocity, the model itself can be directly output, and kinematics post-processing will be added after it comes out. The "z" here is the length, width, height and speed (attribute) of the previous output, which we call observation. The model will also learn from the gain matrix of Kalman, avoiding calculating "k" on CPU, and finally giving the filtered state quantity to the downstream. Compared with the unfiltered operation, this operation has a 19% improvement in speed accuracy. From the visual performance, the speed does appear smoother after this. When updating the embedding of Track query in the next frame, the historical embedding generated in Memory bank will be used. The details of QIM will not be expanded, so you can refer to the implementation of MOTR.

Take a closer look at the performance of the end-to-end model. End-to-end comparison is only detection, tracking and speed estimation through post-processing. The baseline detection compared here is already 3D detection on BEV. Compared with the original 2D detection, it has obvious advantages in ranging. Blue and green are the vertical error percentages of 2D detection in different distance segments, and red and purple are BEV3D. It can be seen that the end-to-end model is more advantageous than BEV3D on the basis of this better baseline.

First of all, take a look at ranging and speed measurement. From end to end, ranging and velocity measurement have obvious advantages on three kinds of dynamic obstacles. The lower the error here, the better, and here is the percentage of error reduction, especially the speed advantage is particularly obvious. Trajectory comparison is a cascade model, its input is the dynamic post-processing of 3D detection on BEV, and some vector information of lane line static post-processing after environmental reconstruction, which is a separate trajectory prediction model. The end-to-end input is the image, and the direct output is the trajectory. Compared with the two, end-to-end has obvious advantages in the position error of this point series.

Here is also a visual video. The box in the picture is the target, the yellow line represents the horizontal and vertical speed, and the pink line is the trajectory. It can be seen that the target coming from the right can appear stably when it passes in front, although it is blocked by the target here. For the speed advantage mentioned just now, especially for the target parked next to it, if it is a detection frame, once the jitter is beyond the range of post-processing energy cover, there will be a relatively large speed, which will trigger a trajectory and cause some brakes of the car. Like here, parked next to it is very stable, and the speed is basically consistent with reality.

05

Real vehicle deployment and closed-loop verification

The last part introduces several key problems related to the model when the real vehicle is closed-loop.

First of all, the model must be quantified and compiled before deployment. Professional quantitative processes and methods, we also arranged an open class to share later. I mainly look at this matter from the perspective of a user.

For the general model, such as CNN-based, we directly single-task float and directly train qat after training, which basically does not lose points. A freezebn will be added in the middle of multiple tasks, so that the counted bn can be applied to each task.

For complex models, a step calibration will be added. The key point here is calibration. Take our end-to-end model deployment as an example. As far as the single-task model is concerned, there are many drop points in the early end-to-end direct float training qat. After consulting my colleagues in the tool chain, I suggest that we do calibration. However, after calibration, it is found that although qat has been greatly improved, it still has a big gap with float. Colleagues in the tool chain suggest fixing the scale of weight or feature. Actually, it is more effective to fix the scale of the feature, but it does not completely solve the problem of qat output of the above tasks from end to end.

So what’s the problem? I also went to some pits. In fact, it is very simple to think about it now. We need to calculate the appropriate feature scale and select the appropriate data when doing calibration. For example, in the early stage, we used the data of urban scenes to estimate the feature scale of speed, and found that the qat index of the trained qat model in high-speed scenes was worse than that of the float. Later, through the tools of the tool chain, the model was analyzed layer by layer and it was found that the problems on the model could not be found. If there is nothing wrong with the model, it is a problem with the data. Finally, we use a high-speed data set. Because calibration itself has few training steps, it is necessary to select the quantity that can cover the perception and reach the upper and lower limits of the maximum and minimum values, so as to estimate a more suitable quantitative scale.

Despite this step, the problem of quantification has been greatly solved. However, the standard of tool chain is generally that the gap between qat and float cannot be greater than 1%. After these two steps, it still can’t reach this level. So what else went wrong? Later, it was also a groping, and it was found that many quantities of 3D perception on BEV were physically meaningful. The final conclusion is to fix the scale for some physical computing layers. Where does the fixed scale come from? For example, as mentioned earlier, the feature on the query index BEV has warping operation, and it has clear physical significance to calculate the two inputs of offset. When the model structure is determined, the maximum and minimum values of the meshgrid on BEV, as well as the maximum and minimum values of the query index, have been determined, so that the maximum and minimum values of the matrix can be calculated, and then the fixed scale can be calculated.

For example, taking odometry as the model input, the data of calibration may be collected at a medium speed, but the speed of the self-propelled vehicle may also change during the actual large-scale data training. Therefore, the maximum and minimum values can also be obtained for this physical quantity with clear rules. With a similar idea, check some numerical calculation layers with physical significance in the network and calculate the fixed scale. Through these operations, the qat problem of the end-to-end model is solved, and it is also a lot of experience. Let’s share it with you.

Quantization is compilation. Compilation means that the compiler directly converts the intermediate format hbir from qat, and finally gets the hbm format deployed on the real board. The specific details are also shared and introduced later. Here is mainly about the performance of BEV perception in actual deployment.

The large-scale BEV is the perception range of 100 forward, 30 backward and 50 left and right respectively, and the small-scale BEV is the perception range of 20 forward and 10 meters in the other three directions, so as to do the element perception on BEV. On the single core of Journey 5, such as a small parking area, the multi-task model of single core and single frame can reach more than 70fps; The wide range of driving can also reach more than 30fps. Even with end-to-end, the model directly output to trajectory prediction can reach more than 20fps, which is in the case of single core. There are two cores on Journey 5, and the frame rate can be further improved in model scheduling.

At the time of deployment, the generalization of the model is tested. Because the model of the customer’s car is different, the corresponding camera installation position and orientation may be different. Our BEV model, especially in the prototype development stage, has many customers who have been verified in the early stage, so a model can support the deployment of multiple models as much as possible, which requires a high generalization of the model. We have also explored a lot, and finally found that the four-plane spatial fusion method introduced earlier has laid a good foundation at the beginning. The example given here is that the training data are all collected by SUV, and the data of cars are used for evaluation. If it is a single plane, it has more than seven drop points compared with four planes.

On the basis of better generalization of the four planes, we will develop some enhancement strategies for training. There are two effective methods here: one is that the BEV model disturbs the image by the camera rpy in one stage, simulates the bumps in the process of vehicle driving, and enhances the image; In addition, it is assumed that the plane is in the place where the angle of view is converted, and then the plane enhancement is made on the plane where the camera leaves VCS, which is also assumed to be the disturbance of rpy.

With these two disturbance strategies, this performance (AP 72.60) can be achieved in the training and training of SUV models and measured in the car data set, which is similar to the performance of an adaptive car model that we have trained with nearly 1 million data collected in about 20 days. Therefore, these strategic feature ensure the generalization of our current BEV perception model in actual deployment.

After deployment, the speed of closed-loop iteration of the model is tested. Especially in the verification stage of the previous prototype scheme, the demo closed-loop verification of different real vehicle installation and deployment is supported through a total version. For the BEV training framework, any camera configuration can be supported. For example, 11v/9v/7v, 7v may replace the 4v panoramic view with 4v fisheye, or any other multiple perspectives, all of which can participate in the model training. When deploying, compile according to the corresponding camera configuration, and then you can do the corresponding test.

The other is the training speed of the model, especially after the time series fusion. Without optimization, if a single frame is trained for 5 days and 10 frames are linear, it will bring 10 times the training time, which is definitely unacceptable. We definitely need to do optimization, and some students who have developed the framework specially guide us to do optimization. At present, the training speed has increased by 56% after optimization.

Specifically, at present, the multi-task release, multi-task with more than a dozen task heads, and the end-to-end training of time sequence can be completed within one week. The later evaluation or the case CICD of some historical data are all automated, thus ensuring the efficiency of the training and distribution step.

Another important factor, especially in the early stage of real vehicle testing, will feed back some non-working case-bad case data. How to use these data in training? There are generally two kinds of optimization for Badcase: one is to mine from the collected data, which is more conventional; The other is to be able to use the returned Badcase data directly.

For things like 2D perception, the link we did in mass production before was relatively mature. For BEV perception, the difference is to see how the model of the brush library comes from or how the data sent to the target comes from. For dynamics, a pure visual large model is used, which is not limited by on-board op and computational power. We have a big model team, and the pure visual BEV big model specially developed has also been used in the dynamic Badcase processing link to generate a pseudo GT to participate in the training. Static, a purely visual mapping scheme, can also send the base map to the standard, and has been deployed to the static perception Badcase link on BEV. In fact, after the deployment of the model, many of them are infrastructure problems. At present, the infrastructure of horizon’s perception of BEV is basically mature.

That’s all I shared today, mainly to convey a few meanings. First of all, based on the fact that Journey 5 can do many things, we have also done many things on it. For the BEV sensing scheme, we can see that we have a better baseline for reference and iteration, so the conclusion is relatively solid.

In addition, if some online students are developing based on Journey 5, or are about to develop based on Journey 5, when you encounter quantitative problems, don’t give up too early. Besides considering the model structure, analyze the data from the perspective of physical meaning and give it a suitable scale.

Finally, I wish everyone a smooth development, and my sharing today is over. Thank you!

　　[Capital Watch] Beijing, how to read the "True Classics"

　　Beijing, a historical and cultural city with a history of more than 3,000 years and a history of more than 860 years, was re-established as the national capital more than 60 years ago. After several attempts to locate itself, it finally clarified the strategic positioning of the city in the past five years.

　　More than three years ago, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, who was born and raised here, visited Beijing, he made a final decision: adhere to and strengthen the core functions of the national political center, cultural center, international exchange center and scientific and technological innovation center of the capital, thoroughly implement the strategy of humanistic Beijing, scientific and technological Beijing and green Beijing, and strive to build Beijing into a world-class harmonious and livable capital.

　　Continue to exert strength on the word "sparse", maintain a certain strength on the word "shed" and concentrate on the word "excellent".

　　From actively implementing the coordinated development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, to "embroidering" the old city, from formulating the new master plan of the capital to speeding up the construction of the sub-center of the city, in the past five years, Beijing, the capital that has further defined the strategic positioning of the city, has a blueprint drawn to the end: actively promoting the reorganization of urban functions, creating a brand-new urban spatial structure, promoting upgrading through relief and rectification, and vigorously promoting transformation, innovation and green development. The land of 16,000 square kilometers glows with a brand-new atmosphere: the land is greener, the traffic is more developed, the level of industrial structure is higher, and the people have a better sense of acquisition …

　　Stripping off "cabbage gang" and developing "cabbage heart";

　　Reducing development helps the Millennium ancient capital "take off lightly"

　　In Chaoyang District, Beijing, with the improvement of water bodies and the retreat of 1.45 million square meters of low-end industries along the coast, 710,000 square meters of majiawan Wetland Park has been built along the once black and smelly Xiao Taihou River. The park has become a good place for nearby residents to have fun.

　　"I’m really worth buying a house here!" Lao Zhang bought a house by the river 10 years ago, and now he plays in the wetland park with his grandson every day, smiling from ear to ear at the changes in the environment.

　　The changes of the Xiao Taihou River, like a mirror, reflect the great changes in Beijing in the past few years: Beijing, the capital, has solved many problems that it has long wanted to solve but failed to do, and has accomplished many major events that it wanted to do in the past.

　　Renovating the wall and digging holes, transforming the urban-rural junction, and dismantling the general manufacturing industry … Since 2017, Beijing has further grasped the "bull nose" of dismantling non-capital functions and vigorously carried out the special action of "dismantling rectification and promoting upgrading". Beijing, a thousand-year-old ancient capital, is undergoing a "reborn" change.

　　From January to August this year, Beijing demolished 38.34 million square meters of illegal construction, 2.9 times that of last year; Renovation of more than 25,000 "opening walls and drilling holes", completing 155.7% of the annual plan; Relieve 599 general manufacturing enterprises and complete 119.8% of the annual plan; 4,858 "scattered pollution" enterprises were rectified, and 83.3% of the annual plan was completed …

　　On December 1, 2016, workers demolished the illegal construction of a single-family courtyard in Wang Hongbin Street. Xinhua News Agency reporter Luo Xiaoguang photo

　　Behind a series of figures is the change of development thinking-"reducing development", which has entered the vision of the capital governor.

　　"Building a world-class harmonious and livable capital is a new historical mission of Beijing, a great city, for the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core has taken overall development, grasped the trend of the times, put forward new requirements and placed new expectations on the development of the capital." Cai Qi, secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, said that Beijing should pay more attention to reduction and intensification, strictly control the size of the city, "slim down and keep fit" and effectively solve the "big city disease".

　　"Beijing will strictly control the total scale of urban and rural construction land, and implement the increase and decrease linkage and decrease development." A distinctive feature of the Beijing Urban Master Plan (2016 -2030) (Draft for Review), which was studied and discussed at the 14th Plenary Session of the 11th Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, is that it highlights the development of reduction and determines the upper limit of the total population, the ecological control line and the urban development boundary.

　　Faced with the problems of overpopulation, traffic congestion, air pollution and other "big city diseases", Beijing has determined that the permanent population should be controlled within 23 million in 2020 in accordance with the requirements of setting the city by water and setting people by water. The scale of urban and rural construction land will be reduced to about 2,860 square kilometers in 2020 and 2,760 square kilometers in 2030 on the basis of the current 2,921 square kilometers.

　　Construction land, not increasing but decreasing! Li Sufang, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, said that this marks a new stage in the development of the capital.

　　Since 2015, Beijing has set out to formulate the first list of new industrial prohibitions and restrictions aimed at controlling "big city diseases". According to the catalogue, the proportion of forbidden industries in the city’s national economic industry classification reached 55%, and the six districts of the city reached 79%. Since the implementation of the catalogue, Beijing has refused to handle a total of 17,000 industrial and commercial registration businesses.

　　From "gathering resources for growth" to "relaxing functions for development", Beijing is realizing an unprecedented transformation. The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has become a national strategy for more than three years. Many fields in Beijing have undergone profound changes: more than 370 wholesale markets and logistics bases such as "moving approval", Dahongmen and Tianyi have been adjusted and eliminated, and more than 1,300 general manufacturing enterprises have been eliminated; Beijing city university, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture and other universities have sent 16,000 students to the new campus outside the Fifth Ring Road …

　　"The reduction of development is actually for better development." Wang Kai, vice president of China Urban Planning and Design Institute, said that the reduction of the capital has released a new signal of China’s urban development: paying more attention to quality, being more livable and making people’s lives better.

　　On September 16th, Tianyi Market, the largest wholesale and retail market of small commodities in Beijing, closed its business (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Chenlin).

　　The change of industrial structure is the most convincing.

　　The data shows that in Beijing, the number of newly established market entities in the strictly regulated manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, wholesale and retail industries decreased by 72.75%, 26.42% and 18.36% respectively in 2016, while the financial industry, culture, sports, entertainment and science and technology services that were not included in the ban increased by 12.77%, 26.76% and 22.53% respectively.

　　"This" three rises and three falls "shows that by doing subtraction, Beijing is stripping off the" cabbage gang ",focusing on the development of" cabbage heart ",speeding up the construction of a" sophisticated "economic structure, and exploring a new way of reducing development, slimming and strengthening the body, improving quality and increasing efficiency." Liu Bozheng, deputy director of the Beijing Leading Group Office for Promoting the Coordinated Development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, said.

　　From "unicorns" to "sophisticated"

　　Economic structure: the image of "the capital of innovation and entrepreneurship" stands out.

　　South of the East Gate of Tsinghua University, a street only 380 meters long is becoming a new bright spot in China’s intelligent manufacturing industry-this is Zhongguancun Zhizao Street.

　　Only over a year after the opening of the street, 88 enterprises have gathered around the key links of the intelligent manufacturing industry chain on the land of 32,000 square meters, with an occupancy rate of over 95%. There are 368 enterprises and projects in total, and the average income per meter of the street is 260 million yuan. An intelligent manufacturing industry highland with international innovation has gradually taken shape.

　　"Intellectual creation" is the commanding height of future manufacturing competition.

　　Beijing, which further defines the strategic positioning of the city, is accelerating the transformation from "Made in Beijing" to "Created in Beijing", and the industrial structure is accelerating towards "sophisticated".

　　Smart logistics represented by distribution robots, the world’s largest recombinant protein bank, and the world’s first deafness gene detection chip for clinical diagnosis … On September 16th, the "National Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week" was opened, and 106 enterprises from 20 technological innovation centers in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone made wonderful appearances at the Yizhuang venue in Beijing, with a concentrated display of more than 260 key technologies and innovative products, which was dazzling and dazzling.

　　In the past five years, Beijing has thoroughly implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, accelerated the formation of competitive advantages and growth momentum with international influence, and further played the role of demonstration and radiation. Zhongguancun Science City, Huairou Science City, Future Science City and Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone "three cities and one district" have become the main focus of innovation and development in the capital Beijing.

　　As the first of the "three cities", Zhongguancun Science City, whose scope has now been expanded to the whole area of Haidian, has been at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation in China, gathering a large number of innovative elements, forming the most complete and complete strategic emerging industrial cluster in China, and has a forward-looking layout in cutting-edge technical fields such as industrial control, artificial intelligence and big data, next-generation Internet and integrated circuits.

　　On September 15th, the theme exhibition of Beijing venue of 2017 National Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week kicked off in Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Exhibition Center.

　　In order to build a "sophisticated" economic structure, Beijing formulated and issued the "Made in China 2025" Beijing Action Plan in 2015, proposing to fully implement the "3458" action plan in the next five to ten years, focusing on cultivating new industrial ecology and implementing eight major industrial projects, including integrated circuits, intelligent manufacturing systems and services, new generation health diagnosis and treatment services, cloud computing and big data.

　　Here, a series of "Beijing creations" were born-

　　Developed China’s first embedded neural network processor "Starlight Intelligent No.1" and realized mass production; Realize the computational modeling and simulation of tens of millions of neural networks; Beidou navigation technology level leads the country; BOE released the world’s thinnest 64-inch 8K ultra HD display and 82-inch 10K curved display products …

　　In the first half of 2017, the added value of high-tech manufacturing and strategic emerging industries in Beijing increased by 18.2% and 12.7% respectively. Since the second half of last year, Beijing has established five national and municipal industrial innovation centers. It has become a reality in Beijing that high-end industries lead growth.

　　This is an "innovative Beijing" that can embrace the future-

　　Cloud computing and big data industry represent the development trend of high-tech industry. Beijing has adopted the "fund+base" model, and successively laid out China Cloud Industrial Park, Zhongguancun Cloud Computing Industrial Base and other professional parks, bringing together nearly 100 cloud-related enterprises represented by well-known enterprises such as Baidu, Jinshan and JD.COM, and Zhongguancun has also brought together about 60% of big data enterprises.

　　The third tide of artificial intelligence is now sweeping the world. By the end of 2016, there were more than 240 artificial intelligence enterprises in Beijing, with a total of 7,841 patent applications. According to incomplete statistics, Zhongguancun artificial intelligence enterprises realized a total income of 412.25 billion yuan.

　　This is a vibrant capital of innovation and entrepreneurship-

　　On September 15th, the theme exhibition of Beijing venue of 2017 National Mass Entrepreneurship Innovation Week kicked off in Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Exhibition Center (photo by Zhang Chenlin).

　　Since the opening of the street in June 2014, Zhongguancun Venture Street and its resident institutions have accumulated 1,900 incubation teams, including 222 returnees and foreign teams; 743 loans were obtained, with a financing success rate of 39%, with a total financing amount of 9.104 billion yuan and an average financing amount of 12.25 million yuan. Among them, there are more than 40 enterprises with financing exceeding 100 million yuan and 2 unicorn enterprises.

　　Beijing has a good ecological environment for innovation and entrepreneurship. According to the 2016 China Unicorn Enterprise Development Report, there are 131 unicorn enterprises in China, including 65 in Beijing, accounting for half of the national total.

　　Xiaomi, Didi Chuxing, and contempt for science and technology … Zhongguancun has become a breeding ground for original industries second only to Silicon Valley. The field of entrepreneurial innovation has gradually expanded from the past Internet and creative design to professional frontiers such as artificial intelligence and subversive new materials, and the hard power of science and technology has been significantly enhanced.

　　This is a magnet-like place-

　　Intel, Microsoft, Apple … More and more overseas technology giants set up R&D institutions or laboratories in Beijing, which has become a new phenomenon in the innovation and entrepreneurship ecology of Zhongguancun, Beijing.

　　Wang Delu, director of Beijing Great Wall Enterprise Strategy Research Institute, believes that the greatest value of Zhongguancun lies in its creativity, breaking through the "from 0 to 1" innovation, incubating and extending, and gradually radiating to the whole country.

　　From "Old City" to "Old City": Polishing "Gold Business Card",

　　Beijing is marching towards a world famous cultural city.

　　Beijing is the city with the most cultural heritage in the world.

　　"History and culture are the soul of the city. We should protect the historical and cultural heritage of the city as we cherish our own life. Beijing is a world-famous ancient capital, and its rich historical and cultural heritage is a golden business card. It is the responsibility of the capital to inherit and protect this precious historical and cultural heritage. " In February, 2014, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a speech to hit the floor when he visited Beijing.

　　Beijing, which further defines the strategic positioning of the city, carefully re-examines its history and culture.

　　In June 2016, Beijing issued the opinion of comprehensively deepening reform and improving the management level of urban planning and construction, and put forward the concept of "comprehensive protection": building a comprehensive protection pattern and improving the comprehensive protection mechanism.

　　"Comprehensive protection is to protect all the historical and cultural elements of Beijing’s ancient capital in different levels, types, times and regions, and to create a great capital with a sense of history and modernity." Wang Fei, deputy director of Beijing Municipal Planning and Land Commission, said.

　　From protecting the central axis of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties, to highlighting the unique urban pattern composed of four battlements: Miyagi, Imperial City, Inner City and Outer City, and then to restoring the unique traditional architectural form of "Hutong-Siheyuan" in Beijing, Beijing plans to strengthen the overall protection of the old city from 10 aspects.

　　Cultural relics such as the Great Hall of the Xuanzang and the Shouhuang Temple in Jingshan have been repaired, and national key cultural relics protection units such as the Imperial Temple and the Confucius Temple have been opened to the public. Sites such as the South Central Axis Road and the Ming City Wall have basically recovered their historical features and built heritage parks … In recent years, Beijing has actively explored ways to protect and upgrade the core areas that can be popularized and replicated.

　　"More points and one city, reorganization of the old city" and "Promoting the implementation of the old city reorganization" … From the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development planning outline deliberated and studied at the 9th meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group two years ago to the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Beijing and the Plan for Strengthening the Construction of the National Cultural Center in the 13th Five-Year Plan of Beijing in 2016, the concept of "old city" has gradually entered the vision of the central and capital policy makers.

　　"Literally,’ old’ is more historical than’ old’. Saying’ old city’ is a respect for the historical accumulation of the city and a recognition and embodiment of value. " Wang Kai said.

　　The old city, can’t tear down!

　　Once upon a time, with the development of the city and the population gathering, the hutongs and former residences in the old city of Beijing decreased little by little with the rumble of bulldozers.

　　Feng Wenkui, 56, moved back to No.15 Peizhi Hutong, Dashilan Street, Beijing from the building in Shijingshan District a few years ago to take care of her old mother who is over 80 years old (photo taken on December 25, 2016).

　　"At the beginning of this century, we heard that this piece was going to be demolished." Fan Liandi, 71, of No.8 Courtyard of Dazhiqiao Hutong in Xicheng District, Beijing, feels that this hutong outside Xuanwu Gate has been listed as a historical protection area in the northwest of Xuanxuan. Not only will it not be demolished, but it will also be upgraded and restored through the renovation of back streets and alleys.

　　In the Hutong Lane of Dazhiqiao, the No.12 Courtyard not far from No.8 Courtyard is the Yangjiao Mountain Temple, the famous place where "writing on the bus" took place in modern history.

　　"There used to be more than 100 households here, and only 16 households did not vacate. It is planned to vacate all this year." Huang Kongyan, director of the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of Guang ‘anmen Neijie Street, said, "There were many clubs and former residences in the south of the city. In the next few years, the historical features will be gradually restored here. "

　　The change of Dazhiqiao Hutong is just a microcosm.

　　—— In order to realize the revival of historical and cultural blocks, in 2015, Beijing started the renovation of four hutongs in Nanluoguxiang, namely, Fuxiang, Suoyi, Yuer and Maoer, and implemented a voluntary application system for residents to vacate.

　　-Dashilan’s "Beijing Square" building cluster completed at the beginning of this year is particularly eye-catching. One main street, three squares and many hutongs … integrating the protection of cultural relics and the development of new formats, "Beijing Square" has become a "Chinese-style life experience area" centered on eight cluster buildings along the street, including Centennial Quanyechang, Qianxiangyi and the former site of Bank of Communications.

　　In April, the capital issued an action plan, and put forward a three-year governance plan of "creating nothing in ten" for 2,435 back streets and alleys in the east and west cities of the core area, such as selfless construction, no opening walls and holes, no overhead lines, and the creation of civilized blocks.

　　With the rapid progress of governance, streets and hutongs have changed their appearance: at Qianmen, after the reconstruction of Sanlihe River, which originated in the Ming Dynasty, the water surrounds the courtyard, which is better than Jiangnan; In Guijie, the streets with numerous potential safety hazards and dirty sanitation have been comprehensively rectified …

　　Not long ago, the underground reconstruction project of power overhead lines in Beijing’s core area started. By the end of this year, there will be more than 800 back streets and alleys in the core area of the capital to bid farewell to the "spider web" in the air.

　　"The sky we look up to will no longer be broken." Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Urban Management Committee, said, "The future of Beijing will fully reflect the style of the capital, the charm of the ancient capital and the style of the times."

　　In addition to the old city, Beijing has also put forward the work goal of building three cultural belts: the Great Wall, the Western Hills and the Grand Canal during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Shu Xiaofeng, director of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, said that the planning of the three cultural belts is in full swing. After implementation, it will help to open up the historical context of the ancient capital Beijing and lay the foundation for building a basic pattern of comprehensive protection of the ancient capital of Beijing.

　　Aiming at being a world famous cultural city and a symbol of the world context, Beijing not only has the "golden business card" of history and culture, but also the cultural and creative industries are becoming the new bright color of the ancient capital Beijing.

　　From design services to digital content, from network audio-visual to special effects production … In the first half of 2017, the corporate income of cultural and creative industries above designated size in Beijing reached 690.27 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 36.42%, and the role of cultural and creative industries in promoting the economic growth of the capital was continuously strengthened.

　　"Looking back on the work in the past five years, we deeply feel that encouraging and profound changes have taken place in Beijing. The quality of development has improved, the ecological environment has improved, the urban and rural areas have become brighter, the service guarantee has been enriched, the people’s sense of gain has increased, and the leading role of party building has been strengthened, and the road ahead has become wider and wider." On June 19th, Cai Qi concluded at the 12th Party Congress in Beijing.

　　"Great progress has been made in building a world-class harmonious and livable capital, taking the lead in building a well-off society in an all-round way, successfully hosting a wonderful, extraordinary and outstanding Olympic Games, initially forming a new situation of coordinated development and mutual benefit between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and further improving the quality of urban development, living environment, people’s quality of life and urban competitiveness." At this meeting, the blueprint of the capital for the next five years has been drawn.

　　Five years of gathering, a new chapter in the ancient capital spectrum. Beijing, the avenue is in sight and the light is ahead. (Half-monthly talk with reporter Li Bin, Kong Xiangxin Yang Na)

　　The new mode of self-service scanning code checkout has now become the "standard" of many supermarkets, and it is also the first choice for many citizens to check out after shopping in supermarkets. However, there have also been cases in which a few people steal supermarket goods for the sake of being cheap, without scanning the commodity code. A related person from the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate said that since 2019, the cases of "supermarket theft" in Beijing using supermarket self-checkout procedures have shown an increasing trend. Procuratorial organs have issued procuratorial suggestions for comprehensive management from the perspective of improving the loss prevention mechanism of self-checkout supermarkets. At the same time, it also provides 32 specific suggestions and measures to standardize the loss prevention work of self-checkout supermarkets.

　　"Supermarket Thief" Stares at Small Snacks

　　Nowadays, many supermarkets have introduced self-checkout machines, where customers scan their own goods and then self-checkout by scanning the code. This way saves customers’ waiting time and has won the support of many consumers. At the same time, this convenient means has also been targeted by a few people who are greedy for petty gains and used to commit theft.

　　The reporter of Beijing Youth Daily combed the relevant legal documents related to "supermarket theft" published by the refereeing document network and China Procuratorate network, and found that the perpetrators in many cases of "supermarket theft" had committed many thefts.

　　A judgment issued by the Chaoyang District People’s Court in Beijing in 2021 shows that a post-90s woman used the supermarket self-checkout equipment from May to September 2020 to steal the box lunch, cakes and other goods sold in the supermarket for more than 30 times, with a total value of more than RMB 1,800.

　　Another verdict issued by the Shijingshan District People’s Court shows that a post-80s man stole goods from a supermarket in Shijingshan District 14 times from September to October 2020 by taking out some goods without checking out at the time of self-checkout.

　　Among the relevant legal documents collected by the reporter of Beiqing Daily, the goods stolen by the perpetrators are mainly food and drinks, and most of the time the amount of stolen goods is not high.

　　In the relevant legal documents, the thieves are both young people after 90 and elderly people over 60. Many of the perpetrators have a university education. One woman who works in a university in Beijing has a doctoral degree, but in March 2020, in a store in Haidian District, Beijing, she repeatedly stole yogurt, beef tendon and other commodities by paying without scanning the code.

　　Many "supermarket thieves" have been sentenced.

　　According to the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate, in response to the phenomenon of "supermarket theft", the Beijing Municipal Procuratorate organized a special class to establish a database for "supermarket theft" cases in 16 districts and counties of the city. Through a comprehensive analysis of the basic situation of the subjects involved, the details of the crime and various sentencing circumstances, the criteria for conviction and the application of compulsory measures were formulated, and the standards for handling cases were unified. At the same time, the procuratorial organs also carried out investigation and research on the traceability of similar cases in combination with the follow-up disposal of administrative punishment and the transfer of illegal and criminal clues, and put forward suggestions for governance.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that many criminal suspects who committed "supermarket theft" have been sentenced by the court. The above-mentioned criminal suspect Li Moumou, who was taken out of a supermarket in Shijingshan District for 14 times without checking out some goods, stole the price of goods totaling RMB 7716.5 through value evaluation. The court ruled that Li was guilty of theft, sentenced to one year’s imprisonment, fined 10,000 yuan, and ordered Li to pay back more than 7,000 yuan from the murdered supermarket.

　　Another woman, Liu Moumou, who used self-checkout equipment in a store in Jiuxianqiao, Beijing, has stolen lunch boxes, cakes and other goods in the supermarket for more than 30 times. The court found that the total value of her stolen goods was more than 1,800 yuan. The court finally convicted Liu of theft, sentenced him to five months’ detention, suspended for five months and fined him 3,000 yuan.

　　The prosecution issued a comprehensive management procuratorial proposal.

　　The members of the investigation team of the procuratorate against "supermarket theft" said that the subjective factors of the criminal suspect’s "supermarket theft" include weak legal awareness, luck or revenge. In addition, the weak anti-theft system of supermarket self-checkout and the arbitrariness of self-reconciliation are also important factors leading to the high incidence of "supermarket theft" cases and their derivative crimes.

　　Therefore, on August 25th, the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate issued a comprehensive management procuratorial proposal to the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce from the perspectives of improving the self-checkout supermarket loss prevention mechanism, improving the enthusiasm of supermarket enterprises to enhance their loss prevention ability by using scientific and technological means, and establishing a daily communication and coordination linkage mechanism for supermarket loss prevention. At the same time, it also provides 32 specific suggestions and measures to standardize the loss prevention work of self-checkout supermarkets. "For example, in order to better fix the relevant evidence of self-service settlement disputes, we suggest that Shangchao enterprises record and transmit customer checkout video information in the self-service cashier area according to law. The video storage time of shops is not less than one month, and the video storage time of large supermarkets is not less than three months." Liu Zhe, deputy director of the First Procuratorial Department of the Beijing Municipal Procuratorate, said, "These specific suggestions and measures come from the whole city in the past three years ‘ Supermarket thief ’ The experience in handling such cases, as well as the management experience of the previous hospitals in handling and issuing procuratorial suggestions on individual cases, are closer to the practice of self-checkout operation of Shangchao. "

　　sound

　　Supermarket managers: New prevention technologies are being popularized.

　　Mr. Sun, a manager of a large supermarket chain in Beijing, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that at present, almost all the stores in the supermarket have introduced self-checkout equipment, which saves the labor of the supermarket, shortens the queuing time of customers and reduces the gathering of people. However, there are indeed a few people who commit theft in order to take advantage of small things.

　　Mr. Sun said that in general, the staff of the supermarket will be on duty in the self-checkout equipment area, which is mainly responsible for providing guidance to the elderly and other people who are not familiar with the self-checkout machine. They will also pay attention to which customers have missed the checkout goods and remind them at any time. "A person on duty may be responsible for five or six checkout machines at the same time, and there will be situations that cannot be taken care of." To this end, the mall will also take some technical means to assist in processing. Some problems are often not discovered until the inventory, which is also the reason why some thieves were discovered after they succeeded in stealing many times.

　　Mr. Sun said that there are some new technologies that can ensure that merchants can be reminded at the first time after the "supermarket theft" happens. "New technologies are the future direction and will continue to be popularized in the future."

　　Procuratorial organ: recording special programs to show up

　　A related person from the Beijing Procuratorate said that in order to improve the loss prevention work of the self-checkout system of Shangchao enterprises, the procuratorate participated in the recording of the relevant TV program "Supermarket Theft", combined with the experience of handling cases, conveyed the concept of the rule of law, and enhanced the people’s awareness of knowing the law, understanding the law, abiding by the law and usage.

　　At the same time, the procuratorial organs will take the "punishment" and "governance" of "supermarket theft" as a small incision to promote the construction of misdemeanor governance system and refined management system of megacities, and will promote the construction of big data model and light application of ordinary crime prosecution and misdemeanor prosecution as a whole, providing data support for tracking and paying attention to the changes of procuratorial business data indicators before and after the crime of "supermarket theft" governance, and promoting the overall improvement of traceability governance efficiency.

　　Legal person: petty theft or criminal responsibility.

　　Han Xiao, a lawyer of Beijing Kangda Law Firm, also told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the self-checkout machine relies on the integrity of all aspects of society. Consumers should fulfill the principle of good faith when self-checkout and consciously scan the code to pay. Taking away the goods without scanning the code is legally a theft, and it will be criminally responsible for stealing for greed and cheapness.

　　This group/reporter Qu Chang

　　The Central Rural Work Conference was held in Beijing from December 28th to 29th. The meeting put forward the road of rural revitalization in Socialism with Chinese characteristics for the first time, and clearly defined the timetable and road map of rural revitalization strategy. The meeting made it clear that by 2020, important progress will be made in rural revitalization, and the institutional framework and policy system will basically take shape; By 2035, decisive progress will be made in rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization will be basically realized; By 2050, the countryside will be fully revitalized, and strong agriculture, rural beauty and farmers’ wealth will be fully realized.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the strategy of rural revitalization for the first time. This is the general strategy to promote China’s agricultural and rural modernization in the future, and it is also the general starting point for China’s "three rural" work in the future. To truly revitalize the countryside, we must use the idea of reform and innovation to remove all kinds of obstacles that hinder the development of agriculture and rural areas, stimulate the potential of various rural elements and the vitality of various subjects, and continuously inject new kinetic energy into the development of agriculture and rural areas.

　　First, closely focus on the fundamental goal of simultaneous modernization of agriculture and rural areas

　　Since the beginning of the new century, how to build a well-off society in an all-round way has become a top priority for China’s economic and social development. The 16th, 17th and 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are all based on the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020, and put forward requirements and arrangements for the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is an important task for building a well-off society in an all-round way to coordinate urban and rural economic and social development, build modern agriculture, develop rural economy and increase farmers’ income. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that it is necessary to strengthen the basic position of agriculture, take the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics, establish a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture through industry and bring rural areas through cities, and form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again stressed that the integration of urban and rural development is the fundamental way to solve the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is necessary to intensify the overall planning of urban and rural development, enhance the vitality of rural development, gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote the common prosperity of urban and rural areas. Under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the past decade or so, China’s agricultural and rural development has made historic achievements and undergone historic changes.

　　While affirming the achievements, we should also be soberly aware that the dual structure of urban and rural areas is obviously still the biggest structural problem in China at present, and the lagging development of agriculture and rural areas is the most prominent manifestation of insufficient development imbalance in China. From the perspective of income and consumption, although the income and consumption expenditure of rural residents have increased faster than that of urban residents in recent years, in 2016, the per capita income and consumption expenditure of urban residents in China were still as high as 2.72 times and 2.28 times that of rural residents, respectively, and the penetration rate gap of household cars, air conditioners, computers and other durable consumer goods between urban and rural residents is still very large. From the perspective of overall labor productivity, in 2016, non-agricultural industries reached 121,300 yuan per capita, while agriculture was only 29,600 yuan, the former was 4.09 times that of the latter. From the perspective of infrastructure, in 2016, 46.2% of rural households in the country used ordinary dry toilets, and even 2% of households did not have toilets; 26.1% of village domestic garbage and 82.6% of village domestic sewage have not been treated centrally or partially; 38.1% of the main roads in the village have no street lamps. From the perspective of basic public services, in 2016, 67.7% of the villages did not have kindergartens or nurseries; 18.1% of villages have no clinics, and 45.1% of villages have no licensed (assistant) doctors. From the perspective of social security, the current rural minimum living security, new rural insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance standards are also significantly lower than those of urban residents and urban workers. This is only the gap in quantity. If we look at the quality, the gap between urban and rural areas will be even greater.

　　According to the deployment of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China will basically realize socialist modernization in 2035, which is 15 years ahead of the previous deployment. In 2050, China will be built into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power, which is higher than the goal described before. Although new changes and progress will take place in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the next three years, the dual structure of urban and rural areas in China will still be quite prominent when the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is achieved in 2020. From this starting point, China will enter a new journey of building socialist modernization in an all-round way. How to keep up with the pace of national modernization in agricultural and rural development is a major challenge before us. If the key to a well-off society depends on fellow villagers, then it can also be said that the key to modernization is agriculture and rural areas. The fundamental starting point of implementing the rural revitalization strategy is to keep the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in sync with the modernization of the whole country.

　　Second, firmly grasp the two principles of priority development and integrated development

　　Under the background of the obvious dual structure of urban and rural areas, in order to promote the synchronization of agricultural and rural modernization and national modernization, we must deepen our understanding of the important assertion that "the problem of farmers in agricultural and rural areas is a fundamental problem related to the national economy and people’s livelihood" and truly "always solve ‘ Agriculture, countryside and farmers ’ The issue is the top priority of the whole party’s work. " In particular, it is necessary to implement the new development concept and adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and the integration of urban and rural development.

　　Adhering to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas means giving full play to the role of the tangible hand of the government and making efforts to make up for the shortcomings of national modernization. The focus is on two aspects: first, promote the priority allocation of public resources to agriculture and rural areas. This is an urgent need to eliminate the stock gap of basic public services between urban and rural areas, and it is also an inevitable requirement to prevent the incremental gap of basic public services between urban and rural areas. After years of hard work, the "four beams and eight pillars" of the rural basic public service system have been set up, realizing a historic change from "nothing" to "something". At present, the main problem is that the gap between urban and rural areas in the field of public services is still too large, and the level of protection of rural public services is too low. We should take "having" as the main direction, continue to promote the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education, focus on improving the quality and convenience of rural compulsory education, improve the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, focus on increasing farmers’ basic pension, improve the unified basic medical insurance system and serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents, focus on increasing the proportion of farmers’ reimbursement, coordinate the urban and rural social assistance system, and focus on improving the standard and coverage of rural minimum living security. Increase investment in rural roads, water supply, power supply, communications and other infrastructure, and accelerate the construction of rural domestic garbage and sewage treatment capacity. The second is to improve the effectiveness of agricultural support and protection policies. In recent two years, the state has begun to adjust and improve agricultural support and protection policies.Such as the implementation of cotton target price subsidy pilot, the implementation of corn "market acquisition+producer subsidies", and the promotion of agricultural "three subsidies" system reform. In the future, China’s agricultural support and protection policy should continue to increase, and the key is to adjust the focus of the policy. We should highlight the direction of competitiveness, increase investment in farmland water conservancy, land consolidation, agricultural science and technology, and professional farmers’ training, so as to promote agricultural cost reduction and efficiency improvement. We should also highlight the direction of green ecology, increase investment in returning farmland to forests, returning farmland to wet areas and beaches, water-saving irrigation, farmland fertility protection, reduction of fertilizers and pesticides, recovery of agricultural wastes, over-exploitation of groundwater and treatment of areas polluted by heavy metals, so as to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

　　Adhering to the integrated development of urban and rural areas means giving play to the role of the invisible hand of the market and making great efforts to promote the quality change, efficiency change and power change of agricultural and rural development. China’s agriculture and rural areas have changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. To achieve high-quality development requires the rationalization of urban and rural resource allocation and the integration of urban and rural industrial development. In the future, solving the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers will depend on the strength of towns, and solving the problems of cities will also depend on the strength of villages. Cities and villages should be harmonious, interactive and interdependent. First, rural areas should respond sensitively to the new needs of cities and towns. The demand of urban residents for agricultural products has been well met, but the demand for agricultural products quality has not been well met; Rural areas are required to provide not only sufficient and safe material products, but also ecological products such as clean air, clean water, quiet rural scenery, and spiritual products such as farming culture and homesickness. To catch these new demands, we should accelerate the transformation of agricultural development from increasing production to improving quality, and vigorously develop new industries and formats such as rural leisure tourism and old-age care. Second, cities and towns should respond sensitively to the new needs of rural areas. To develop resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, new fertilizers and low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides are urgently needed; To promote "machine substitution" in the agricultural field and improve agricultural labor productivity, agricultural machinery with high cost performance is urgently needed, especially small agricultural machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous areas and cash crop production; Improve the rural living environment, improve the quality of life of farmers,There is an urgent need for new building decoration materials, solid and durable garbage and sewage treatment equipment, economical and applicable kitchen and bathroom and other household necessities. To catch these new demands, we should speed up the adjustment of the technical structure and product structure of industrial departments and improve the pertinence and efficiency of "industrial products going to the countryside".

　　Third, earnestly grasp the three keys of "people, land and money"

　　The implementation of rural revitalization strategy is a systematic project, which requires scientific planning and comprehensive promotion of various revitalization measures in accordance with the general requirements of "prosperous industry, ecologically livable, civilized rural customs, effective governance and affluent life". The core is to grasp the three keys of "people, land and money":

　　(a) to promote the decline in the proportion of rural population and structural optimization. In 2016, the proportion of rural population in China is still as high as 42.65%, and the proportion of employment in the primary industry is also as high as 27.7%. A considerable part of the urban resident population from rural areas has not been fully integrated into the towns where they are employed and live. Generally speaking, China is still in the development stage of "to be rich, farmers must be reduced". We must unswervingly promote the new urbanization with people as the core and continue to promote the rural population to enter cities and the transfer of agricultural labor force. At the same time, we should also note that the rural population entering the city and the transfer of agricultural labor force in China are characterized by "elite immigrants", and the population entering the city and the transferred labor force are obviously superior to those staying in the countryside in terms of age, education level and gender ratio. To realize rural revitalization, we must pay attention to optimizing the rural population structure and improving the quality of rural human capital while promoting the decline of the proportion of rural population. It is necessary to optimize the structure of agricultural practitioners and speed up the training of modern young farmers, leaders of new agricultural business entities and agricultural professional managers. We should not only pay attention to discovering and cultivating new professional farmers from those who are still in rural areas, but also pay attention to guiding some willing migrant workers to return home, college students who have come out of rural areas to return home, and all kinds of talents who have grown up in cities to the countryside, and introduce modern science and technology, production methods and business models into agriculture and rural areas. Speed up the training of a "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside and loves farmers.Comprehensively improve the ability and level of national civil servants, scientific and technological personnel, teachers and doctors in rural areas.

　　(2) Accelerate the establishment of a land security mechanism for rural revitalization. Deepening the reform of rural land system is an urgent need to promote the construction of modern agriculture and develop new industries and formats in rural areas. First, we should improve the method of "separation of powers" in rural land with the goal of agricultural modernization. With the changes in the employment structure, income structure and even residence of contractors, the gradual withdrawal of the "first generation of farmers", the reluctance of Nong Erdai to farm, and the improvement of the social security system in urban and rural areas, the livelihood guarantee function of contracted land is declining, and the function of production factors is highlighted. Therefore, we should adjust and improve the empowerment of collective ownership, farmers’ contracting rights and land management rights to prevent land abandonment and excessive increase in land rent. Second, we should improve the management policy of agricultural facilities land. More flexible and relaxed management policies should be implemented for facilities such as cold chain, primary processing, leisure picking and storage of agricultural products, and supporting land such as parking lots, toilets and restaurants. Third, we should optimize the layout of urban and rural construction land. Effectively implement the existing policy of "determining a certain proportion of the annual new construction land plan indicators to support new rural industries and new formats". Prudently improve the operation methods of linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land and balancing the occupation and compensation of cultivated land, leave land space for rural revitalization, and do not rush to relocate rural construction land to cities or underdeveloped areas to developed areas. Fourth, we should explore effective ways to revitalize rural idle homesteads. On the premise of not buying and selling rural homesteads,Actively explore specific ways to effectively use rural idle homesteads. For example, rural collective economic organizations can save construction land such as village renovation and homestead consolidation, and develop rural leisure tourism and pension industries and rural three-industry integration projects by means of shareholding and joint venture. For another example, rural collective economic organizations can make full use of idle farmhouses and homesteads through leasing and cooperation.

　　(3) Establish and improve the institutional mechanisms conducive to the flow of all kinds of funds to agriculture and rural areas. Whether it is to achieve "industrial prosperity" or "ecological livability", it needs a lot of capital investment. We should raise funds for rural revitalization from various channels such as finance, finance and social capital. First, we must reform the financial input mechanism for supporting agriculture. On the one hand, we must persist in taking agriculture and rural areas as the priority areas of fiscal expenditure and ensure a moderate increase in investment in agriculture and rural areas; On the other hand, we should focus on innovating the way of use and improving the efficiency of supporting agriculture. Do a good job in two articles: "integration" and "incitement". "Integration" means giving full play to the leading role of planning, bundling all kinds of agriculture-related funds as much as possible to form a joint force. "Inciting" means giving full play to the leverage of financial funds and guiding financial and social capital to invest more in agriculture and rural areas by means of awards, interest subsidies and guarantees. Second, we must accelerate rural financial innovation. A considerable part of rural deposits can not be converted into investment in rural areas, and it is an urgent practical problem to flow to cities through the siphon effect of financial institutions. It is necessary to take a two-pronged approach from "building mechanisms" and "building institutions". "Building a mechanism" is to implement the incremental incentive policy for agricultural loans.We will implement differentiated supervision and assessment methods for financial institutions that have reached a certain proportion of agriculture-related businesses, appropriately decentralize the business examination and approval authority of county branches, and solve the problem of insufficient enthusiasm for putting in loans for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. "Building institutions" is to optimize the establishment mode of rural banks, improve the coverage of counties and cities, carry out internal credit cooperation of farmers’ cooperatives, support existing large financial institutions to increase county outlets, and solve the problem of insufficient market participants in lending to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Third, we should encourage and guide social capital to participate in rural revitalization. Encourage social capital to develop modern breeding, agricultural service, agricultural product processing, leisure tourism and pension industries suitable for enterprise management in rural areas. Innovate the interest linkage mechanism and guide social capital to drive farmers instead of replacing them. Strengthen the protection of property rights and stabilize investors’ expectations. (Ye Xingqing is the Minister and Researcher of Rural Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center)

Loucai purchase letter [2020] No.28

 Loudi bureau of finance

About Loudi Municipal Government Purchasing Electronic Store Suppliers to Settle in

Notice of relevant matters

 

In order to deepen the reform of government procurement, improve the transparency and efficiency of government procurement, our city has set up Loudi government procurement electronic store in Hunan Province, and plans toIt was officially put into operation in September 2020. Electronic store is a platform for government procurement transaction and supervision based on information network technology. All budget units at all levels in the city will purchase goods, services and projects below the government procurement quota standard in Loudi electronic store. In order to ensure the smooth entry of suppliers into electronic stores, relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

First, online registration

Legal persons and other organizations that are not listed in the list of serious dishonesty and abnormal business operations can enter the Hunan provincial government procurement electronic store if they agree to abide by the Commitment Letter for Entering the Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Electronic Store.

oneSuppliers log on to Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Network (http://www.ccgp-hunan.gov.cn/)Or the Hunan provincial government purchases electronic stores (Https://hunan.zcygov.cn/), fill in the name of the company and the mobile phone number of the administrator (the mobile phone number of the administrator must be consistent with the mobile phone number registered by the bank) for registration, and the registration area is selected at the same level in Hunan Province.

2. Enter the basic information of the company, basic qualification, specific qualification, credit information, investor, financial information and personnel information management when registering the supplier. Among them, suppliers, small and micro enterprises, prison enterprises and welfare enterprises that require specific qualifications and qualifications according to laws and regulations can upload corresponding certification materials and enjoy relevant preferential policies.

The specific requirements for information reporting are as follows:

Fill in the basic information of the type of enterprise. If it is a small and micro enterprise, prison enterprise, welfare enterprise, etc., and upload the corresponding certification materials, the system will automatically calculate the price deduction according to the highest proportion stipulated by policies supporting energy-saving and environmental protection products, two-type products and small and micro enterprises in the bidding transaction process.

The basic qualifications mainly include business license, social insurance certificate, organization code certificate and tax registration certificate. Suppliers can apply the five certificates in one according to the qualification type of the unit/three certificates in one) to fill in the qualification information and upload the corresponding scanned documents.

Specific qualifications mainly refer to the certification materials for enterprises to obtain professional and technical capabilities in the industry field, such as construction enterprise qualifications, safety production licenses, computer information professional qualifications, etc. If suppliers have corresponding qualifications, please fill in the qualification information and upload the corresponding scanned documents.

Enterprises that fill in credit information obtain credit rating certificates.

The investor shall fill in the relevant information of the enterprise investor.

Financial Information Fill in the recent financial information of the enterprise.

Personnel information is mainly filled in by the legal representative of the enterprise.

3. After the enterprise information qualification is filled in, save it and submit it to the platform operator for verification. After the verification is passed, the mobile phone will receive a short message indicating that the registration has been successful.

4. After successful supplier registration, download the Commitment Letter of Hunan Provincial Government Procurement of Electronic Stores in the process of electronic store suppliers’ entry, affix the official seal of the company and sign it by the legal person, and upload it to the electronic store. After the verification of the commitment letter, the supplier settled in successfully.

Second, registered goods

1. Commodity standards: The registered commodities shall conform to the national mandatory standards, the standards issued by the trade association or the standards implemented by self-declaration, the government procurement policies, the formal and legal sources, the provision of after-sales service according to regulations, and the responsibility of "three guarantees". The settled suppliers shall not provide counterfeit, pirated and infringing goods or goods prohibited by the state from being sold, as well as goods specially purchased by the Hunan government.

Imported goods of overseas origin shall be registered and put into storage only after they have been approved by the customs declaration certificate. Commodities that do not meet the mandatory national standards shall not be listed on the counter or participate in bidding.

2. Registered commodities: All commodities are classified and registered according to the commodity classification standards stipulated by the Ministry of Finance and the commodity classification standards of electronic stores, including commodity names, model specifications, registered trademarks, maximum price, government procurement discounts, parameter configuration or service contents, inspection reports and other information.

Commodities include goods and services, and accessories and services that are independent of commodities should be priced separately as independent commodities, but the accessories and services included in the market quotation shall not be split. Goods that are not registered for storage shall not be sold on the counter or participate in bidding.

The resident supplier shall register the suggested retail price of the brand or the reasonable quotation recognized by the market and industry associations as the maximum price of the goods, and adjust it in time with the market changes. The settled suppliers should provide evidence that can be verified in the market, and the maximum price should not be higher than the quotations in other markets at the same time. The quotation of the goods on the OTC and competitive bidding (group purchase) of the settled suppliers shall not be higher than the maximum price limit of the registered goods.

Government procurement discount is the preferential treatment and support of resident suppliers to government procurement, which is proposed by resident suppliers or negotiated with financial departments and purchasers on a regular basis. The discount rate agreed between the resident supplier and the purchaser shall not be higher than that agreed with the finance department at the same level, and the discount rate agreed with the finance department at a lower level shall not be higher than that agreed with the finance department at a higher level.

3. Classification identification: the goods registered in the warehouse will be automatically classified and identified. Goods with registered trademarks owned by resident suppliers will be marked as "brand goods" by the system. Goods that have no registered trademark, parameter configuration or service content inconsistent with the brand, the highest price is higher than the brand’s highest price, or obviously deviate from the market price or cannot be verified, and the settled suppliers join the trade association but the core parameters are incomplete will be marked as "own goods".

Third, issue a letter of increase

After the supplier handles the letter increase (see the attachment for details)3), can carry out related business in electronic stores.

The resident supplier shall submit the credit line that can be inquired and verified in the resident commercial bank and guarantee institution, and convert it into electronic credit enhancement after system verification; Can also be issued by the commercial banks and guarantee institutions that have not settled in the Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Electronic Store (see Annex for the format)2) After being verified by the designated institution of Hunan Provincial Department of Finance, it will be converted into electronic credit enhancement.

For OTC goods, the credit limit shall not be less than30,000 yuan, the time is not less than one year; Authorized agent, the credit line should be not less than 100,000 yuan, and the time should be not less than one year; To participate in the bidding project quotation, the credit line shall be no less than 5% of the budgeted amount of the bidding project and the validity period shall not be shorter than the project time requirement.

The system will verify the electronic credit enhancement and lock the credit limit according to the following requirements when the resident supplier has OTC goods, participated in quotation, signed a contract and the brand authorized other resident suppliers to act as agents: if the electronic credit enhancement of the resident supplier has not locked the credit balance and the time is not up to the requirements, the related business and quotation shall not be handled.

Fourth, consultation on electronic stores

1. Customer service hotline: 4008817190;

2. Supplier QQ Group (1058135282). Please indicate the company name and personnel information when joining.

3. Online consultation: Please click "Consultation Tips" on the right side of the homepage of Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Electronic Store:

4. Help Center (Frequently Asked Questions):https://help.zcy.gov.cn/

five.Self-service message (question feedback)：https://customer.zcy.gov.cn/feedback

Attachment:1. Commitment letter of Hunan provincial government to purchase electronic stores.

                    2. Hunan provincial government procurement electronic store entry guarantee

                    3. Electronic credit enhancement process

 

                                                                                                                                                                    Loudi bureau of finance

                                           2020yearfourmoon24sun

attachmentone

Commitment letter of Hunan provincial government to purchase electronic stores

 

The company voluntarily became the supplier of Hunan provincial government procurement electronic stores. The legal representative (person in charge) of the Company has read and understood the Interim Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement of Electronic Stores in Hunan Province, and made the following commitments on behalf of the Company:

1. The Company bears civil liability independently, has a good business reputation and a sound financial accounting system, pays taxes and social security funds according to law, and has no record of major violations in its business activities in the previous three years, and is not included in the list of serious acts of dishonesty. The registered information is true, accurate and effective, and it is willing to be made public and accepted by all sectors of society.

Second, the company’s products meet the national mandatory standards, as well as the group standards issued by industry associations or the standards implemented by self-declaration of resident suppliers, which are in line with government procurement policies. The source channels are formal and legal, and after-sales service is provided according to regulations, and the company undertakes."Three Guarantees" responsibility, the quotation is not higher than that of other markets in the same period. Our company does not provide counterfeit, pirated and infringing goods or goods prohibited by the state from being sold, or goods specially purchased by the Hunan government, and abides by price discounts, and assumes management responsibility for the quality and price of goods with registered trademarks and authorized agents. The information of goods on sale and participating in bidding is true, accurate and effective, and they are willing to accept supervision from all walks of life.

3. The Company agrees to abide by the trading rules of Hunan provincial government procurement electronic stores, accept the verification of operators, obey the ruling of the financial department on objections, and accept the supervision and inspection of the financial department.

The company agrees that if the above commitments are violated, the financial department will increase the credit guarantee and transfer it to the state treasury.

 

Name of company (unit):                       (Seal)

Legal representative (person in charge):                 (signature)

 

           year     moon     sun

 

attachment2

 

Hunan provincial government procurement of electronic stores in the guarantee.
(format)

Number:      

                           ：

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　　On June 1st, the Implementation Plan for Guangdong Province to Implement the State Council’s "A Package of Policies and Measures to Firmly Stabilize the Economy" (hereinafter referred to as "Implementation Plan") was published on the website of the provincial government.

　　It is reported that the "Implementation Plan" extends the 33 policies and measures in six aspects of the State Council’s deployment item by item, especially in combination with the series of policies and measures for steady growth issued by our province this year, further combing and forming 131 specific policies in six aspects, so as to accelerate the greater effect.

　　"Overall, the policy has strong operability, covering the real economy, investment and financing, consumption and other fields, and is expected to play an important role in the steady growth of Guangdong’s economy." Lin Jiang, a professor of economics at Lingnan College of Sun Yat-sen University and deputy director of the Pearl River Delta Research Center in Hong Kong and Macao, said.

　　fiscal policy

　　Expand the scope of implementation of the phased deferred social security premium policy.

　　Corresponding to the State Council’s package of policies and measures to stabilize the economy, the fiscal policy proposed in the Implementation Plan includes seven aspects: further strengthening the implementation of the VAT tax refund policy, speeding up the progress of fiscal expenditure, accelerating the issuance and use of local government special bonds and expanding the scope of support, making good use of government financing guarantees and other policies, increasing government procurement to support small and medium-sized enterprises, implementing the policy of delaying the payment of social security fees, and increasing the support for job stability.

　　The "Implementation Plan" emphasizes that it is necessary to strictly implement the tax refund policies for six industries that have been issued by the state to ensure that the stock tax allowance is fully refunded and the incremental tax allowance is fully refunded on a monthly basis. At the same time, we will take effective measures to speed up the processing, and on the basis of taxpayers’ voluntary application, we will centrally refund the remaining tax credits of micro-enterprises and small enterprises before June 30.

　　As for the newly-added enterprises in wholesale and retail, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, accommodation and catering, residents’ service, repair and other services, education, health and social work, culture, sports and entertainment industries, the policy of full monthly incremental refund and one-time full refund of the reserved tax amount is implemented. The "Implementation Plan" emphasizes close docking and good preparation in advance to ensure that it is put in place at the first time.

　　In order to speed up the issuance and use of local government special bonds, the "Implementation Plan" proposes to speed up the issuance of special bonds issued by the central government this year and basically complete the issuance before the end of June. According to the requirement that this year’s special bonds are basically used up before the end of August, we will speed up the progress of special bond expenditures, and strive to start all the issued special bond projects before the end of June. At the same time, we will closely follow the state’s policy of appropriately expanding the areas of special bond support, and accelerate the planning and reserve of a number of special bond projects around new infrastructure, new energy projects, public services, renovation of old public facilities, and consumer infrastructure.

　　In order to reduce the burden of financing guarantee fees for small and micro enterprises, the "Implementation Plan" proposes that the financing guarantee business for small and micro enterprises with a single-family guarantee amount of less than 10 million yuan and an average annualized guarantee rate of less than or equal to 1% will be subsidized by 1% of the business amount for the regional financing guarantee institutions in Jiangmen, Huizhou, Zhaoqing and the eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong.

　　In addition, increase government procurement to support small and medium-sized enterprises. Strengthen the evaluation of government procurement projects of budget units at all levels, and reserve procurement shares for small and medium-sized enterprises for procurement.

　　On the basis of the implementation of three social insurance premium policies for five poverty-stricken industries, such as catering, retail, tourism, civil aviation, highway, waterway and railway transportation, and in accordance with the provisions of national policies, other poverty-stricken industries that have been severely affected by the epidemic, experienced difficulties in production and operation in a large area of the industry and are in line with the guidance of national industrial policies will be expanded to implement the policy of deferred payment, and the period of deferred payment of old-age insurance will be extended to the end of this year.

　　The "Implementation Plan" particularly emphasizes increasing the support for stabilizing posts. We will optimize the implementation of the unemployment insurance return policy and further increase the return ratio. Large enterprises will return 50% of the unemployment insurance premiums actually paid by enterprises and their employees in the previous year, and small and medium-sized enterprises will return 90% of the unemployment insurance premiums actually paid by enterprises and their employees in the previous year. In addition, if an enterprise recruits college graduates in the graduation year, signs a labor contract and participates in unemployment insurance, it will issue a one-time job expansion subsidy at the standard of 1,500 yuan per person, which is not repeated with the one-time employment subsidy.

　　Monetary and financial policies

　　Personal housing, consumption and other loans of people affected by the epidemic can be postponed to repay the principal and interest.

　　In encouraging the implementation of deferred repayment of principal and interest for small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, truck drivers’ loans and personal housing and consumer loans affected by the epidemic, the Implementation Plan continues the relevant contents in the State Council’s package of policies and measures to stabilize the economy.

　　Specifically, guide commercial banks and other financial institutions to continue to negotiate independently with small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, truck drivers, etc. according to the principle of marketization, and postpone the repayment of principal and interest on their loans, and strive to make the extension as long as possible; Give a six-month extension of debt service support for commercial truck consumption loans issued before June 30 this year; For people who are hospitalized or isolated due to infection in COVID-19, who are isolated and observed by the epidemic situation or who have lost their sources of income, we will guide financial institutions to flexibly adjust the repayment plan by reasonably delaying the repayment time, extending the loan term and delaying the repayment of the principal.

　　In addition, the "Implementation Plan" specifically proposes that local financial organizations such as microfinance companies, pawn shops, financial leasing companies and commercial factoring companies should optimize financial services for key industries, small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households affected by the epidemic.

　　In terms of increasing the support for inclusive micro-loans, in addition to implementing the national policy requirements of doubling the amount and support ratio of inclusive micro-loan support tools this year, and guiding financial institutions and state-owned enterprises to support small and medium-sized enterprises’ accounts receivable pledge and other financing, the Implementation Plan proposes to implement the "first-time lender" loan discount subsidy, and appropriately extend the subsidy time limit depending on the discount effect. We will continue to guide the financial system to reduce fees and make profits to the real economy, and the central financial management department will give incentive funds to local corporate financial institutions that issue inclusive small and micro loans at an increase of 2% of the balance of inclusive small and micro loans.

　　At the same time, the "Implementation Plan" proposes to continue to promote the steady decline of the actual loan interest rate, improve the financing efficiency of the capital market, and increase the support of financial institutions for infrastructure construction and major projects. In particular, eligible platform enterprises are encouraged to publicly raise shares and go public overseas according to laws and regulations. Encourage high-quality brokers in the province with subsidiaries in Hong Kong, such as GF Securities, to increase their services for listing in Hong Kong, and strengthen the professional guidance and in-depth cultivation of IPO enterprises in Hong Kong stocks. Support Shenzhen Stock Exchange to build a trading platform for intellectual property rights and scientific and technological achievements, support Guangdong regional equity market to speed up the construction of "special board for scientific and technological innovation", "special board for specialization and special innovation" and "rural revitalization board", and build a centralized custody platform for unlisted securities and a comprehensive cultivation platform for enterprises to be listed.

　　Policy of stabilizing investment and promoting consumption

　　Promote technological transformation of 8,500 industrial enterprises.

　　Car trade-in can be up to 10,000 yuan/car.

　　In order to speed up the construction of provincial key projects, the Implementation Plan proposes to set up a special class for parallel examination and approval of provincial major projects, give full play to the overall coordination role of the special headquarters of six provincial major projects, and implement measures such as exempting construction projects from EIA procedures in accordance with laws and regulations, notifying and promising approval, and simplifying the contents of EIA preparation. We will promote a number of proven water conservancy projects, focusing on promoting the construction of Guangdong water resources allocation project around Beibu Gulf and Guangdong water resources optimal allocation project as soon as possible. Accelerate the investment in transportation infrastructure, speed up the construction of Guangzhou-Zhanjiang high-speed railway, Guangzhou-Shantou high-speed railway, shenyang-haikou expressway reconstruction and expansion project, start the construction of Hezhan railway and Ruimei railway, speed up the construction of cross-river and sea-crossing projects such as Shenzhen-China Passage, Shiziyang Passage and Huang Mao Sea Passage, and speed up the construction of "Greater Bay Area on track".

　　In order to stabilize and expand private investment, the Implementation Plan calls for encouraging and attracting more social capital to participate in major engineering projects, encouraging private enterprises to give full play to their own advantages to participate in key basic products and technical research, promoting qualified enterprises in the province to actively declare "little giant" enterprises specializing in specialty and innovation, accelerating the technological transformation of 8,500 industrial enterprises, and adding 1,500 new industrial enterprises to digital transformation in the second quarter. In particular, speed up the construction of digital government, develop the innovation industry, and enhance the breadth and depth of the application of innovation products and services in the daily office, business systems and important infrastructure of party and government organs. Encourage private investment to focus on urban infrastructure and participate in project construction in key areas through comprehensive development mode.

　　In order to promote the standardized and healthy development of the platform economy, the "Implementation Plan" emphasizes giving full play to the stable employment role of the platform economy, stabilizing the development expectations of platform enterprises and their symbiotic small and medium-sized enterprises, and driving small and medium-sized enterprises to bail out with the development of platform enterprises. Subsidize the e-commerce platform for small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households to reduce online store deposits, publicity and promotion services. Encourage e-commerce platforms to provide traffic support for SMEs and subsidize the cost of participating in online promotion activities. Guide platform enterprises to do a good job in the online and offline linkage of the "last mile" of epidemic prevention materials and important livelihood commodities in epidemic prevention and control.

　　In order to steadily increase the consumption of automobiles, household appliances and other fields, we will implement the special action of automobile trade-in, and give a subsidy of 3,000-10,000 yuan/vehicle to those who scrap or transfer old cars with Guangdong license plates under their personal names, and at the same time buy new cars with trade-in promotion models in the province and put them on the license in the province. Encourage the purchase of new energy vehicles, and give 8,000 yuan/vehicle subsidy to individual consumers who purchase new energy vehicles within the scope of trade-in promotion models in the province before June 30 this year. Further optimize the management of car use, increase the car purchase index in Guangzhou and Shenzhen on the original basis, and no new measures to restrict car purchase shall be introduced in various places. We will fully implement the policy of removing the restrictions on the movement of used cars and remove the restrictions on the movement of small non-operating used cars that meet the national five emission standards. Optimize the investment and construction operation mode of charging piles (stations) for new energy vehicles, improve the construction standards of charging infrastructure and parking facilities, and gradually realize the full coverage of charging facilities in all communities and operating parking lots. More than 20,000 public charging piles have been built this year, basically achieving 100% full coverage of charging facilities in expressway service areas in the province. Encourage cities to organize production and sales enterprises such as household appliances to launch activities to benefit the people and promote consumption, and focus on encouraging the promotion of green smart home appliances, smart phones and wearable devices to promote the upgrading of household appliances in our province. Encourage all localities to issue coupons, Huimin coupons, etc. for consumption in retail, catering, cultural tourism, accommodation and sports, and activate the consumer market.

　　Policy of ensuring food and energy security

　　Accelerate the payment of agricultural subsidies for cultivated land, and add 13 million kilowatts of installed power this year.

　　Ensuring food and energy security is an important prerequisite for stabilizing the economy.

　　The "Implementation Plan" proposes to improve and perfect policies such as grain income security, speed up the distribution of subsidies for the protection of cultivated land fertility, and timely distribute the second batch of agricultural subsidies to make up for the decline in grain income brought about by rising costs. We will introduce a policy of rewarding and subsidizing the rehabilitation of abandoned farmland to ensure stable grain production and increase production.

　　The "Implementation Plan" emphasizes that efforts should be made to promote the implementation of a number of energy projects. 8.88 million kilowatts of backbone power supply projects and 26 power grid projects supporting coal-fired power stations, gas-fired power stations and pumped storage power stations will be completed and put into operation this year. This year, the installed power supply is 13 million kilowatts. At the same time, improve the coal reserve capacity and level, and strengthen the reserve capacity of energy resources such as crude oil.

　　Policy of ensuring supply chain stability in industrial chain

　　Small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households use water, electricity and gas in arrears.

　　In order to reduce the production and operation costs of market players, the "Implementation Plan" clearly stipulates that the policy of "non-stop supply of arrears" for water, electricity and gas for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households temporarily experiencing production and operation difficulties due to the epidemic situation will be fully implemented, and a six-month fee deferral period will be set up, and cities will be encouraged to further extend it according to local conditions, and late fees for arrears will be exempted during the deferral period.

　　The "Implementation Plan" proposes to promote the phased reduction and exemption of housing rents for market entities. This year, it is listed as a county-level administrative area where high-risk areas in the epidemic are located (Dongguan City and Zhongshan City are located in the administrative areas of towns and streets). Small and micro enterprises in the service industry, small and micro enterprises in the manufacturing industry and individual industrial and commercial households rent state-owned houses, and the rent is reduced for six months this year, and the rent in other areas is reduced for three months. If the lessor waives the rent, it can waive the property tax and urban land use tax in the current year according to the regulations. Small and medium-sized enterprises that rent standard factories in industrial parks and industrial clusters will be given rent holdover or reduction support, and municipalities will give subsidies to the lessors of standard factories to reduce their rental income.

　　For enterprises in industries such as civil aviation, which are greatly affected by the epidemic, the "Implementation Plan" emphasizes the need to increase relief support, increase the amount of emergency loans for civil aviation, encourage banking financial institutions to increase credit support for airports and airlines in the province, encourage qualified airports and airlines in the province to issue corporate credit bonds, and broaden diversified financing channels. As a relief fund for cultural tourism enterprises, the provincial financial co-ordination fund is mainly used to support cultural tourism enterprises such as key travel agencies, A-level tourist attractions, cultural and artistic troupes, performance venues and cultural tourism to promote consumption activities.

　　In terms of optimizing the policy for enterprises to return to work and achieve production, the Implementation Plan emphasizes that the epidemic prevention and control measures defined by the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council and the joint prevention and control mechanism of the province should be strictly implemented, and the implementation standards and enforcement efforts of cities, counties, towns and villages should be consistent, and they should not be enlarged without authorization or overweight at different levels. Low-risk places can’t restrict the flow of people at will, and places with epidemic situations can’t arbitrarily expand the scope to ban eating in restaurants and shut down production and business premises outside the "three areas". Encourage qualified enterprises to carry out closed-loop production in the event of an epidemic to ensure their stable production. In principle, it is not required to stop production. The government where the enterprise is located should give guidance on epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the services of returning employees, logistics support, upstream and downstream connection, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on the normal production and operation of the enterprise.

　　In terms of improving the policy of ensuring smooth traffic and logistics, the epidemic prevention restrictions on freight vehicles from areas with low risk of epidemic situation are completely abolished, and efforts are made to break through the bottleneck of manufacturing logistics and speed up the turnover of finished goods inventory; It is not allowed to block or close highways, ordinary highways and waterway locks without authorization. It is strictly forbidden to isolate county and rural roads, and it is not allowed to shut down expressway service areas, ports and docks, railway stations and civil transport airports without authorization. It is strictly forbidden to restrict the normal flow of people in areas with low risk of epidemic situation. For industrial enterprises involved in epidemic areas, the vehicle passes for transportation of key materials should be "applied to the utmost" and "issued to the utmost" to ensure the smooth logistics of key materials. For freight vehicles coming from or entering or leaving the city where the high-risk areas in the epidemic are located, the system of "taking, leaving and chasing" shall be implemented.

　　Policy of ensuring basic livelihood

　　People who are in difficulty due to the epidemic can be temporarily rescued from the place where the emergency occurred.

　　At present, the downward pressure on the economy is increasing, and it is even more necessary for government departments to make precise policies and concentrate financial resources to protect basic people’s livelihood.

　　The "Implementation Plan" requires that the phased support policy for housing provident fund be implemented, and enterprises affected by the epidemic can apply for deferred payment of housing provident fund according to regulations, and pay back after the expiration. During this period, the paid employees can normally withdraw and apply for housing provident fund loans, which is not affected by holdover. If the depositor affected by the epidemic cannot repay the housing provident fund loan normally, it will not be overdue and will not be submitted to the credit information department as an overdue record.

　　At the same time, we will improve the support policies for agricultural transfer population and rural labor employment and entrepreneurship, improve the provincial financial incentive mechanism for urbanization of agricultural transfer population, and increase support for areas where migrant agricultural transfer population across provinces and provinces has settled in many places. Will meet the conditions of new citizens into the scope of business guarantee loans, new citizens belong to the key groups of self-employment or business within three years, can apply for a maximum amount of 500 thousand yuan of personal business guarantee loans. If the small and micro enterprises founded by new citizens meet the relevant conditions, they can apply for a guarantee loan of up to 5 million yuan for small and micro enterprises.

　　More importantly, it is necessary to improve the social and people’s livelihood security measures. The "Implementation Plan" requires that the aid subsidy funds allocated by the central and provincial governments be well used and distributed in full and on time to the people who need help through the direct financial mechanism. Co-ordinate relief resources, give precise subsidies according to the characteristics and needs of the relief objects, cancel the restrictions on household registration and residence, and give temporary relief to people who have difficulties in basic life due to the epidemic from the place where the emergency occurred.

　　【fiscal policy】

　　● For all small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households that are temporarily affected by the epidemic, the payment of three social insurance units will be deferred in stages, and the deferral period will be implemented in stages until the end of this year.

　　Monetary and financial policies

　　● Delayed repayment of principal and interest for small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, truck driver loans and personal housing and consumer loans affected by the epidemic.

　　Policy of stabilizing investment and promoting consumption

　　● Promote the technological transformation of 8,500 industrial enterprises; The subsidy for car trade-in can reach up to 10,000 yuan/car; The charging facilities in the expressway service area in the province are fully covered.

　　Policy of ensuring food and energy security

　　● Accelerate the distribution of farmland fertility protection subsidies and the second batch of agricultural subsidies; Promote 8.88 million kilowatts of backbone power supply projects and 26 power grid projects to be completed and put into operation this year, and add 13 million kilowatts of power supply installed this year.

　　Policy of ensuring supply chain stability in industrial chain

　　● Small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households that are temporarily experiencing difficulties in production and operation due to the epidemic situation can use water, electricity and gas "without interruption", and the maximum rent for renting state-owned houses can be reduced for six months.

　　【Policy of ensuring basic livelihood】

　　● Enterprises affected by the epidemic can apply for deferred payment of housing provident fund according to regulations; New citizens can apply for a personal business guarantee loan with a maximum amount of 500,000 yuan.

In 2024, the global film industry is surging, and all major films are staged after you sing, and the box office list is even more exciting.

Today, let’s talk about the "tough characters" on the global box office list in 2024 and see which movies can stand out in the box office war and occupy the top ten on the list!

Tenth place: Wicked.

Director: Jon M. Chu

Starring: Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande.

Release date: November 27th, 2024 (USA) December 6th, 2024 (Chinese mainland).

Box office: $480 million

This film, adapted from Broadway musical of the same name, tells the witch legend behind the story of The Wizard of Oz. The process of two witches from acquaintance to enemy reveals the complex relationship between good and evil.

The film’s box office success of $480 million is due to its strong IP foundation, and the musical version has already accumulated a large number of fans in North America and some overseas countries.

On the other hand, the visual effects and music production of the film are first-class, which makes the audience feel as if they are in the fantastic world of Oz.

Especially in the North American market, but the box office in China is very bleak. Since its release on December 6th, it has only earned more than 10 million RMB, which is unacceptable.

Ninth place: YOLO

Director: Jia Ling

Starring: Jia Ling, Lei Jiayin and Zhang Xiaofei.

Release date: February 10, 2024 (China)

Box office: $496 million

The only mainland China movie in the top 10 of the global box office list in 2024, thanks to the explosion of this year’s Spring Festival file, this movie is currently the box office champion in the mainland.

YOLO, adapted from the Japanese film Love of Hundred Yuan, tells the story of Du Leying (Jia Ling), a little person who is repeatedly bullied by people around him. She decided to rebuild herself and prove her worth by losing weight and boxing.

When the film was released, it was controversial. It was thought that the marketing of this TV series was great and it was a weight loss documentary.

However, from the box office alone, this film is definitely the winner of this year’s film, but the global $496 million is basically from the domestic market, and overseas markets do not pay the bill.

Eighth place: Moana 2

Directors: John Musker and Ron Clements.

Release date: June 21st, 2024 (USA) and November 29th, 2024 (Chinese mainland).

Box office: $544 million

"Ocean Romance 2" is an adventure animated film released by Disney Animation Studio, which continues to tell the wonderful adventure between Moana and Maui.

On the basis of the first film, Ocean Romance 2 continues to lead the audience to explore the mysterious ocean world. After experiencing a series of new challenges, Moana and Maui discovered more mysterious marine secrets.

However, it is obvious that the second part is not as brilliant as "Ocean Romance 1" and its reputation is average.

But with the bonus of the first film, Disney’s ace production and basic picture quality, there is nothing to say about music.

Similarly, most of the box office receipts of this film are overseas, and the mainland has only 77 million yuan at present.

Seventh place: Kung fu panda 4》(Kung Fu Panda 4)

Director: Jennifer Yuh Nelson

Release date: May 10, 2024 (USA) March 22, 2024 (Chinese mainland)

Box office: $550 million

As the fourth film in the Kung Fu Panda series, IP has a high global reputation and a strong China element.

Our old friend Po is back again. This time he will face new enemies and learn more advanced kung fu. The film continues the series of humorous styles and wonderful fighting scenes, and is deeply loved by audiences all over the world.

However, this series may be a little aesthetic fatigue, not too much surprise, and compared with the first three, both the plot and the quality are greatly backward.

The content is still very pleasing to the audience in China, with an income of 330 million in Chinese mainland, which is considered as passing.

Sixth place: Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire.

Director: Adam Wingard.

Starring: Alexander Skarsg?rd and Rebecca Hall.

Release date: April 12, 2024 (USA/Chinese mainland)

Box office: $580 million

Godzilla vs king kong 2: The Rise of the Empire is a sci-fi action movie jointly released by Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros.. The film continues to tell about the fierce battle between Godzilla and King Kong and the new threats they face together.

Fifth place: Venom: The Last Dance.

Director: Andy Serkis.

Starring: Tom Hardy and Michelle Williams.

Release date: October 23rd, 2024 (Chinese mainland)/October 25th, 2024 (USA).

Box office: $588 million

The third and final work in the venom series, Eddie Brock’s relationship with symbiont venom is facing new challenges, but also ushered in a more powerful enemy.

There are still many fans of Tom Hardy’s "Tang Laoshi" in the world, and venom has become a representative role of him.

Sony Pictures’ strong production strength and the influence of Marvel Comics’s role are reliable guarantees for the box office of this film.

This movie is still very impressive at the box office in Chinese mainland, with a box office income of 680 million RMB, which is quite outstanding among the sci-fi blockbusters in recent years.

Fourth place: Dune: Part Two

Director: Denis Villeneuve.

Starring: Timothée Chalamet and Zendaya.

Release date: March 8, 2024 (Chinese mainland)/February 28, 2024 (France)/March 1, 2024 (USA).

Box office: $782 million

Dune 2 is a sci-fi adventure film jointly launched by Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros., which continues the previous story and tells the adventure story of Paul E. Cui Di on the dune planet.

When Dune 1 was released, it was vomited by many viewers, and its performance was lower than expected. It didn’t restore the magnificent world in the original, and the plot of the film was too thin.

However, "Dune 2" has surpassed the previous work in all aspects, whether it is the special effects scene or the thickness of the theme, it can be called a masterpiece.

Director: Chris Renaud.

Release date: July 3, 2024 (USA) July 12, 2024 (Chinese mainland)

Box office: $1 billion

"Daddy Thief 4" has reached the fourth film, but the quality of the film is indeed worse than that of the last one. The joyful feeling of Despicable Me 1 at first has almost disappeared.

In this film, Gru, his family and Minions once again embark on new adventures, face new challenges and enemies, and continue their funny journey.

The film continues a series of consistent humorous styles and warm family themes. Thanks to the classic and beloved Minions of this series of films, it is still very popular with families and children.

The box office in Chinese mainland has reached 382 million RMB, which is quite good. After all, it’s just a happy popcorn movie.

Second place: Deadpool & Wolverine.

Director: Shawn Levy.

Main actors: Ryan Reynolds, Hugh Jackman.

Release date: July 26th, 2024 (USA)

Box office: $1.329 billion

Gossip is better than Deadpool and Wolverine, which is hard enough. I believe many people will like it, especially for Marvel Comics fans.

Marvel Comics’s film is the most successful work in recent years. Since Avengers 4, Marvel Comics’s performance in the film makes people feel that Jiang Lang has run out of talent.

For the first time, this film will join hands with the two popular characters, Death Waiter and Wolverine, on the big screen to face new threats together and launch an adventure full of action and humor.

This film can be regarded as Marvel Comics’s successful turnaround. The popularity and wonderful performance of the two leading actors make the film popular all over the world.

However, compared with the fanaticism in North Chinese mainland and overseas markets, the feedback from the market to this film is average, with a revenue of only 430 million, which is not as high as that of Venom 3.

First place: Inside Out 2.

Director: Chersi Mann.

Release date: June 14th, 2024 (USA) June 21st, 2024 (Chinese mainland).

Box office: $1.757 billion

Pixar Animation’s annual specialty is definitely a boutique. Brainstorming 2 is also a sequel.

Seven films in the top 10 box office list this year are sequels of a series of films. It seems that the market still pays more attention to films with good viewing foundation.

The film "Brain Agents 2" continues the previous work, focusing on Riley who entered adolescence. Her emotional world has changed, and she tries to integrate into society while coping with social anxiety.

This "Brain Agents 2" is similar in color to the first one. Although it is not as surprising as the first one, the beautiful picture, smooth plot and delicate emotions are all in place.

With reliable quality and the powerful influence of the first film, this film has performed exceptionally well in the global box office market.

The box office revenue of $1.757 billion has surpassed The Lion King to become the eighth in the world’s historical box office.

However, the film’s performance in China market is relatively dull, with a revenue of only 350 million RMB, which is a little less than the film’s global revenue of 12.2 billion RMB.

The above is the top 10 ranking of the latest global box office list in 2024.

　　Text/Ba Jiuling (WeChat WeChat official account: Wu Xiaobo Channel)

　　This is the last week of 2019. We have been considering what form to say goodbye to this hasty, angry, anxious and ups and downs year in order to show that we have the courage to meet 2020.

　　Thinking about it, it seems that music is more powerful, so we jointly produced a confidence song list with Netease Cloud Music. There is always one that gives you confidence ~

　　No.1

　　▼

　　There are thousands of goodbye postures, and I choose the chic one.

　　Goodbye jack

　　Whenever the prelude of "thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump thump", everyone knows that Miserable Faith is coming. This song was released at a time when everyone clamored that the post-90s generation was a "beat generation", as if in memory, the older generation had never had any confidence in the new generation.

　　At that time, Miserable Faith was 10 years old. After the high spirits of the initial stage, he was experiencing the lowest valley of his band career: tight money, emotional change and team chaos. The news of "pills" is frequent.

　　A year later, I came out with a new album, and a "Goodbye Jack" told everyone that "I’m fine, don’t talk about it". This song not only pays tribute to Jack Kerouac, the ancestor of the "Beat School", but also reveals the literary feelings of "always on the road, always in tears" in his work On the Road.

　　No.2

　　▼

　　Start a new journey with the passion of the founding of New China.

　　Rock on the New Long March

　　If we must give 2020 an expansive and energetic beginning, we must listen to Cui Jian’s "Rock on the New Long March", which is the first original rock album in China, and Cui Jian, with his bloody and strong voice, expresses strong symbols, resistance, freedom, political metaphors and other meanings, and becomes the godfather of rock and roll.

　　He also limited him in the achievements of the times, but this did not delay the self-achievement of a tough guy. Look, isn’t it like you were rubbed on the ground by 2019 for a whole year, and then you regained your confidence and set up a Flag to sail 2020? Follow the rhythm and run to the new Long March Road in 2020.

　　No.3

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　　I have been wandering in the Jianghu for half my life, but my heart is still young.

　　I am still young, I am still young

　　For entering the new year, many people are one year older at the first panic, but if you have heard the song "I am still young, I am still young" by the Lao Wang band next door, you will feel that it is no big deal. Although this attitude towards life of let it go comes from a band formed by five college students who are studying or just graduated, does that inexplicable feeling just mean that it can alleviate the anxiety of the whole people?

　　Unlike Wanqing Band, which smokes industrial waste gas all the year round, and Caodong, who sings a skinny life without a party, Lao Wang is stunned by the sense of social marginalization caused by poverty that "the city is beautiful, but it has nothing to do with me", and sings a free and easy spirit. You deserve to have such a young mind.

　　No.4

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　　Rekindle friendship and treat lonely patients.

　　Friendship days.

　　Some people say that there are no friends and enemies in the adult world, only rivers and lakes, and loneliness arises spontaneously.

　　However, anyone who has been passionate about youth knows that as long as this song "friendship days" is played, those friends who have drifted away because of time and space, and those who have been together for X or X will be awakened. Whether you are a man who wants to be a big brother or a woman who wants to be a big brother, as long as you are willing, you will never be lonely on the way to fighting for your dreams.

　　No.5

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　　2019 abuses you thousands of times, and 2020 is still like first love.

　　Ten thousand sorrows

　　If you have experienced "10,000 sorrows" this year, but "there will still be Dream" for the future, then this song "10,000 Sorrow" is not to mention how appropriate it is.

　　The escape plan, which was established 15 years ago, has maintained the style of high-quality but dystocia for many years. The lead singer Mao Chuan’s voice is full of sandy low-frequency and cyclical words, and his gentleness is mixed with stubbornness, which has touched countless people. That’s the sense of companionship and happiness coming from the music, as the audience said: "Many times people will have tears in their eyes. Please hold on a little longer, just hold on a little longer."

　　No.6

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　　Where does it take so much time to heal? Just do it and it’s over

　　《Try》

　　"She is very popular, but she is very popular." This is the netizen to P! Evaluation of NK. After experiencing great anger and then hitting the world three times in a row, although it is not very eye-catching in the new rice circle, singing skills and commercial competition continue to crush a group of female singers of the new generation "Tianhou".

　　Pink mom herself is a big cool one! Even singing "Try", generate will show super strength, almost opening Power, which runs through to the end of the song, just like a pair of old ladies who are lovelorn and have nothing to do with you, and need time to reconcile with themselves. Learn to learn P when you are lovelorn! NK, tough life needs no explanation, and Try is over.

　　No.7

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　　Good things can’t wait, let’s take advantage of it now.

　　《It’s time》

　　Maybe even if winter passes and spring blossoms, you are still the decadent youth who has no heart to work in 2019, so don’t miss this bearded and fresh magnum energy.

　　This is a traffic band soaring in the sky, and the traffic of 8 billion is not covered. Although it has the same name as ice cream, it is more addictive than sweets. This song gives you the power to hit people’s hearts directly, and it has enough weight to burst and soothe your depressed heart.

　　No.8

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　　With hope, can dreams be far behind?

　　《Marchin’on》

　　Some people say that listening to Republican songs is like running in the Gobi. Even if the situation is extremely vicious, you are still willing to believe that hope is ahead.

　　This band, which is known as the crown-making machine, is called "Gospel Rock" in its style, that is, when it hears the prelude, it starts to warm the soles of its feet, put positive energy on it, make people forge ahead, make people rise, and constantly tap your inner strength, commonly known as "fighting chicken blood". Netease Cloud Music has a hot comment that "I want to do my homework after listening", which is true. Add a positive energy buff to yourself in the new year.

　　No.9

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　　Don’t be a fairy, don’t be a god, be a strong woman.

　　《call you tonight》

　　As the finale of the song list, we chose Whitney Houston’s call you tonight as a tribute. This is not her hottest single, but it is one of the few songs that people can’t stop just by the prelude. The voice is full, the momentum is like a rainbow, and the arrogance is overwhelming. The words are turned thousands of times, and tenderness, hope, self-confidence and energy are conveyed to you everywhere.

　　When it comes to Hui Yi, they all regret what happened to her after she became famous, the betrayal of her husband, the "blackmail" of her relatives and the use of people around her. It is hard to imagine what kind of will supported her to move forward step by step and leave her best self on the stage. The beauty has passed away, and the lingering sound lasts forever. At least the love we gave her is always true.

　　Maybe you have experienced all kinds of difficulties this year; Maybe you have stood on the cusp and wanted to ask where the road is; Maybe you have experienced loss, giving up and falling into endless self-doubt. But at any time, don’t give up your confidence in life, believe that you can live well in 2020, and believe that your confidence is getting better and better ~

　　

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: Wu Xiaobo Channel. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.